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Biology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the reproductive structure of an angiosperm that produces the seeds and fruits of a plant?

A

flower

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2
Q

What is the primary function of the flowers on a plant?

A

to produces seeds for reproduction

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3
Q

What is the special stem on which a flower forms that is alos known as the flower stalk?

A

pedicel

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4
Q

What are the sepals alos known as?

A

calyx

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5
Q

What is the lead-like structures that are attached to the edge of the receptible?

A

sepals

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5
Q

What is the enlarges end of a pedicel that is designed to hold the developing seeds?

A

recepticle

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6
Q

What are the male reporductive cells that are found in pollen?

A

sperm cells

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6
Q

What are the petals also called?

A

corolla

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6
Q

What are the organs within the corolla that produce pollen?

A

stamens

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6
Q

What is are the most conspicuous part of a flower?

A

petals

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7
Q

What are the future seed that contain the female reproductive cells in the ovary?

A

ovules

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7
Q

What are female reproductive cells in a plant callled?

A

egg cells

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7
Q

What does the pistil consist of?

A

the stigma, the style, and the ovary

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7
Q

What is the elongated, vase-shaped structure of a flower that is the central structure in a flower?

A

pistil

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7
Q

What is the swollen base of the pistil in a flower called?

A

ovary

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8
Q

What is a flower known as when it has sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils?

A

complete flower

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9
Q

What is a flower known as if it lacks one or more of the four basic flower parts?

A

incomplete flower

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10
Q

What are special leaves on a flower that appear to be petals, but are not?

A

bracts

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11
Q

What are flowers that lack pistils and bear only stamens; male flowers?

A

staminate flowers

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12
Q

What are flowers that lack stamens and bear only pistils; female flowers?

A

pistillate flowers

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13
Q

What is any plant on which both staminate and pistillate flowers are produces in the same plant?

A

monoecious

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14
Q

What are plants that produce staminate and pistillate flowers, just as monoecious plants do, but are borne by separate plants?

A

diecious

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15
Q

What are flowers known as when they are together in clusters?

A

inflorescences

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16
Q

What sis the chief factor in controlling flowering in most plants?

A

the length of daylight and night

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17
Q

Who are agricultural technicians who specialize in growing flowers, fruits, vegetables, and shrubs?

A

horticulturists

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18
Q

What type of symmetry is characterized by similar halves that can be produced by the cutting of the flower across the middle in several directions?

A

radial symmetry

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19
Q

What type of symmetry is characterized by similar halves being produced only if the flower is cut lengthwise?

A

bilateral symmetry

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20
Q

What is a fully ripened ovary that functions as the seed-bearing structures of flowering plants?

A

fruit

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21
Q

What is the transfer of pollen from an anther to the stigma of a pistil?

A

pollination

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22
Q

What is the type of pollination that occurs within the same flower?

A

self-pollination

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23
Q

What type of pollination that occurs when the pollen from an anther of one plant is transferred to the stigma of a flower of another plant?

A

cross-pollination

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24
Q

What is an organism that results from a cross between two different species of the same kind of plant?

A

hybrid

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25
Q

What is the sweet tasting, watery liquid that is produced by plants?

A

nectar

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26
Q

What is the process in which a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell to form a new organism?

A

fertilization

27
Q

What are reproductive cells collectively known as?

A

gametes

28
Q

What is the reproduction in which the sperm and egg unite?

A

sexual reproduction

29
Q

What begins to form from the stigma when the pollen grain travels down through the style of the pistil and into the ovary?

A

pollen tube

30
Q

What is the cell that is formed when one of the sperm cells unites with the egg cell?

A

embryo

31
Q

What is a nutritional tissue that surrounds the fertilized egg and provided nourishment to the growing embryo after the other sperm cell fuses with the polar nuclei?

A

endosperm

32
Q

What are chemicals that are produced in plants to control or stimulate specific messages?

A

hormones

33
Q

What is the process of the ovary growing larger and developing into a fruit?

A

ripening

34
Q

What is the layer that forms in the stalk of a fruit and begins to cut the fruit from the stem?

A

abscission layer

35
Q

What are fruits that form from one flower that has only one pistil?

A

simple fruit

36
Q

What are fruits that form from one flower that has several pistils?

A

aggregate fruit

37
Q

What are fruits that form from multiple flowers?

A

multiple fruit

38
Q

What are simple fruits in which the entire ovary is fleshy and juicy throughout?

A

berries

39
Q

What are some examples of berries?

A

tomatoes, grapes, and cucumbers

40
Q

What are simple fruits that are fleshy and juicy, but not throughout the entire fruit; have an outer fleshy layer and an inner woody layer?

A

drupes

41
Q

What are some examples of drupes?

A

peaches, cherries, and plums

42
Q

What are simple fruits with an outer fleshy layer and an inner papery core?

A

pomes

43
Q

What are some examples of pomes?

A

apples and pears

44
Q

What are simple fruits that consist of a pod enclosing several seeds and are not fleshy and juicy?

A

legumes

45
Q

What are some examples of legumes?

A

peanuts, peas, and beans

46
Q

What are simple fruits that consist of small dry seeds with one or more wing-like structures attached to them?

A

samara

47
Q

What are some examples of samaras?

A

maples, ashes, and elms

48
Q

What are simple dry fruits that consist of a seed enclosed in a hard covering or shell?

A

nuts

49
Q

What are some examples of nuts?

A

chestnuts, hickory nuts, and acorns

50
Q

What are simple fruits consisting of a seed and a shell?

A

achenes

51
Q

What are some examples of achenes?

A

members of the composite family

52
Q

What are the fruits of the grass family called?

A

grains

53
Q

What are edible grains?

A

cereal grains

54
Q

What are some examples of edible grains?

A

barley, corn, rice, and oats

55
Q

What is the category of simple fruits are berries, drupes, and pomes?

A

simple fleshy fruits

56
Q

What is the category of simple fruits are legumes, samaras, nuts, grains, and achenes?

A

simple dry fruits

57
Q

What are some examples of aggregate fruits?

A

strawberries, blackberries, raspberries

58
Q

What are some examples of multiple fruits?

A

pineapple and fig

59
Q

What is the primary function of fruits?

A

to scatte seeds

60
Q

What means able to germinate?

A

viable

61
Q

What type of seed dispersal in which an outside agent carries the seeds?

A

agent dispersal

62
Q

What are four main agents of agent dispersal?

A

man, animals, wind, water

63
Q

What type of seed dispersal occurs in which fruits scatter their seeds by bursting open when they are ripe and catapult the seeds to a new location?

A

mechanical dispersal

64
Q

What is the result of the processes of flowers and fruit fromation?

A

seeds

65
Q

What are the three main parts of a seed?

A

embryo, endosperm, seed coat

66
Q

What is the living part within a seed that develops into the stem and leaves of a plant?

A

embryo

67
Q

What is the part of a seed that will develop into the root system of a plant?

A

radicle

68
Q

What is the part of a seed that contains stored food that the embryo will use to supply the energy for sprouting?

A

cotyledons

69
Q

How many cotyledons do dicots have? Monocots?

A

two; one

70
Q

What marks where the seed was attached to the ovary wall during its development?

A

hilum

71
Q

What is the sprouting of a seed?

A

germination

72
Q

What is a period of inactivity which helps prevent seeds from sprouting when conditions are unfavorable for the growth of young plants?

A

dormancy

73
Q

What is the first stage in the germination process?

A

absorb water, which leads to the softening of the seed coat and enlargements of the tissues of the embryo

74
Q

What is the second stage of germination?

A

the oxygen obtained from the splitting of the seed coat allow the root system to anchor the plant and the shoot system to begin growing

75
Q

What do seeds require for growth?

A

water, oxygen, favorable temperatures, and soil

76
Q

What is a special group of enzymes that convert the starch to sugar, which the embryonic cells absorb?

A

amylases

Biology (6 decks)

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