Chapter 16 Flashcards
What are living organisms that move from place to place in their environment, mainly for the purpose of obtaining food?
animals
What means able to move from place to place?
motile
What means unable to move from place to place?
sessile
What is the property of being able to be cut into identical halves?
symmetry
What is the form of symmetry in which an object can be cut into identical halves along only one place?
bilateral symmetry
What is the form of symmetry in which an object can be cut into identical halves along several planes?
radial symmetry
What means without symmetry?
asymmetry
What are animals that have a backbone?
vertebrates
What are animals without a backbone?
invertebrates
What does every vertebrate have?
a spinal cord with a brain at its anterior
What is the internal skeleton as found in vertebrates?
endoskeleton
What are animals with four appendages or limbs called?
tetrapods
What type of symmetry do all vertebrate exhibit?
bilateral
What is the subphylum within the phylum Chordata in which vertebrates are typically classified?
Vertebrata
What is the phylum that includes vertebrates?
Chordata
What are the most familiar and the most dominant group of vertebrates on earth?
mammals
What is built on all mammals on a similar pattern?
skeleton
What do most mammals have two pairs of?
limbs
What is produced in all mammals just as it is in humans?
hair
What are long hairs used for the sense of touch?
whiskers
What is one of God’s most marvelous provisions for mammals?
milk
What are the milk-producing glands of a female mammal?
mammary glands
What type of animals regulates body temperature by internal mechanisms?
warm-blooded
What type of animals regulate body temperature by external factors?
cold-blooded
Are all mammals considered to be warm-blooded or cold-blooded?
warm-blooded
What means maintaining the same internal body temperature regardless of environment?
homeothermic
What is the form of dormancy in which a warm-blooded animal’s body temperature falls to near the freezing point and respiration and hear rate slow down?
hibernation
What in mammals are larger in relation to body size than those of reptiles and amphibians?
lungs
What is the thick sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?
diaphragm
What relationship was man created to have with the animals?
to rule over them
What are the three main things that man has used animals for throughout the ages?
companionship, protection, and service
What is the union of a sperm cell from a male with an egg cell from a female to form a new organism?
sexual reporduction
What type of mammals have developing young nourished by a placental until brith?
placental mammals
What is the sac of blood vessels that connect a mother to an unborn placental mammal?
placenta
Where does the fertilization take place in a placental mammal?
oviduct
What is the hollow sphere of cells that the fertilized egg divides into?
blastula
What is the fluid that protects the unborn placental mammal from shocks?
amniotic fluid
What is the period from conception to birth in a placental mammal?
gestation period
What is the cord that consists of blood vessels that connects the placenta to an unborn placental mammal?
umbilical cord
What means giving birth to live young?
vivparous
What means egg laying?
oviparous
What is a mammal that gives birth to immature young, which are nourished with a pouch?
marsupial
What is the ant-eating African mammal that is the sole member of the order Tubulidentata?
aardvark
What are the largest land animals?
elephants
What are the enlarged incisors of elephants?
tusks
What are the aquatic grazing mammals of the order Sirenia?
sea cow
Which sea cow has a forked tail?
dugong
Which sea cow lives in coastal waters and does not have a forked tail?
manatee
What are the only oviparous mammals in existence?
echidna and platypus
What is one of the only oviparous mammals that is also known as the spiny anteater?
echidna
What is one of the only oviparous mammals that is designed to live on both land and water?
platypus
What is the animal whose name means “little armored one” because it has neat rows of tough plates that are joined across the back?
armadillo
What is the animal that spends the majority of its time hanging upside-down with their long, curved claws hooked around tree branches?
sloths
What is a three-toed sloth that lives in the tropical tree forests of South America and are the slowest land mammals?
ai
What is the largest anteater?
giant anteater
What means active during the daytime?
diurnal
What means active during the nighttime?
nocturnal
What is a scaly anteater that has a protective hide like and armadillo and eating habits like the anteater?
pangolin
What are pouched mammals?
marsupials
What is the largest living marsupial?
kangaroo
What are the only marsupials that live outside of Australia and the surrounding islands?
opossums
What is one of the best diggers among mammals that has a thick body, little or no tail, and strong, short legs?
wombat
What is the animals with the most confining diet?
koala
What is a squirrel-sized marsupial that inhabits the eucalyptus forests and sandy deserts of southern and western Australia?
numbat
What means insect eating?
insectivorous
What is one order of small mammals that gets its name from the insect-eating habits of its memebers?
insectivores
What are the most common insectivores that inhabit moist places?
shrews
What is the lightest mammal?
Etriscan shrew
What is an interesting insectivore that is covered with spines that are shorter and softer than a porcupine’s spines and always lack barbs?
hedgehog
What are mammals that live almost exclusively underground searching for their favorite food, earthworm?
moles
What are the only flying mammals?
bats
How do bats differ in structure from other mammals?
they have greatly elongated fingers
What type of bat has a long snout and tongue?
long-nosed bat
What is the smallest mammal in overall body size?
Kitti’s hog-nosed bat
What marine mammals that make up the order Cetacea?
whales
What type of whales have two rows of comb-like plates that hang like curtains from each side of the upper jaw?
baleen whales
What are comb-like plates that is also knowns as whalebone?
baleen
What type of whale is any that has teeth instead of baleen?
toothed whale
What are among the most intelligent of all mammals that rank second only to the chimpanzee?
dolphins
What is often confused with a dolphin but are not as playful and rarely jump out of the water?
porpoise
What type of whale commonly hunts in packs and are noted for their intelligence, similar to dolphins?
orca
What are mostly arboreal animals that are noted for their intelligence?
primates
What are primates without tails?
apes
What is the largest of all the apes?
mountain gorilla
What is the smallest ape?
gibbon
What ape is characterized by long, shaggy, orange-brown hair and a large, sad-looking face?
orangutan
What is the most intelligent of the apes and the most intelligent animal?
chimpanzee
What are the most familiar primates with tails?
monkeys
What type of monkeys lives in the tropical forests of Central and South America and possess a prehensile tail?
New World Monkey
What is a tail designed for grasping objects?
prehensile tail
What type of monkeys are noted for their close nostrils and nonprehensile tails?
Old World Monkeys
What is an unusual kind of primate that live only in Madagascar and the nearby islands?
lemurs
What is the world’s largest animal?
blue whale
What are the small gnawing mammals that have two pairs of sharp, chisel-like incisor teeth?
rodents
What type of mammals are there more of than any other group of mammals combines?
rodents
Which rodent is found on every continent, including Antarctica?
house mouse
What type of rodent makes nests of shredded material wherever suitable cover and food are present?
mouse
What type of rodent looks like a mouse but are stronger, larger, and much more aggressive?
rat
What is the best method of controlling rats?
sanitation
What is the largest rodent?
capybara
What is a familiar rodent that is similar in size to a rat?
squirrel
What is a stocky, burrowing rodent that belongs to the squirrel family?
woodchuck
What type of rodent populates the central and western areas of America and belonging to a family of their own, displaying a community behaviour?
gopher
What is the largest rodent in the United States?
beaver
What is one of the most unusual rodents that has long, stiff quills on its back, sides, and tail?
porcupine
What are nocturnal animals of the tropical jungles of Malaysia, Thailand, Borneo, Java, and the Philippines?
flying lemurs
What is any mammal of the order Lagomorpha which has teeth similar to a rodent’s but has four upper incisors?
lagomorphs
What are well-known lagomorphs whose only means of protection are its keen senses and its speed?
rabbit
What are much like rabbits but are larger and tend to have longer ears?
hares
What is a most unusual lagomorph that has short ears and looks more like a guinea pig than a rabbit?
pika
What is a defenseless animal that makes its home in the rocks?
hyrax
What are enlarged and thickened toenails?
hooves
What are hooved animals called?
ungulates
What are even-toed hoofed mammals?
artiodactyl
What have most ungulates been designed for because they need a means of escape from predators?
swift runners
What is a very large perissodactyl with three functional toes on each foot?
rhinoceros
What is the order of odd-toed hoofed mammals?
periossodacyl
What is an unusual creature that looks most like a pig with an extra-long snout or trunk?
tapir
What is any member of the equine family, which include horses and other similar perissodactyls?
equids
What is a single-toed perissodactyl that has been one of the most useful animals in God’s creation?
horse
What is a perissodactyl that look much like striped horses?
zebra
What is a perissodactyl that have also helped man since earliest times and have often been crosses with horses?
donkeys
What are even-toed hoofed mammals?
artiodactyls
What are solid horn-like structures that are shed annually?
antlers
What are hollow structures that are usually permanent and that are not shed?
horns
What is the tallest living animal?
giraffe
What two broad categories can artiodactyls be divided into?
those that chew the cud and those that do not
What are artiodactyls that chew the cud?
ruminants
What is the first division of a four-chambered stomach that is the section which holds the food until it can be chewed more thoroughly?
rumen
What is the layer of skin that is rich in blood vessels whose antlers develop?
velvet
What animal has the largest horns?
water buffalo
What is the largest of all the deer?
Alaska bull moose
What are ruminants that have been particularly valuable to mankind since ancient times as sources of food and clothing?
bovids
What is any member of a ruminant family characterized by the presence of antlers?
deer
What is a rather unusual creature designed to withstand extremes at hot, dry lands?
camel
What is the process used by microorganisms to break down cellulose?
fermentation
What is a special side pocket that lies near the stomach to provide for a fermentation chamber?
cecum
What do all ruminants possess?
a four-chambered stomach
What is the largest portion of a four-chambered stomach?
rumen
What are meat-eaters?
carnivores
Do carnivores of herbivores lead a more active life?
carnivores
What are the least carnivorous of the flesh eaters that take advantage of several kinds of food?
bears
What is considered the largest land-dwelling carnivore?
Alaskan brown bear
What may be the most dangerous animal in North America?
grizzly bear
What is the only large land carnivore that does not instinctively fear men?
polar bear
What are ruthless and ferocious carnivore with a justified reputation as cunning attack animals?
wolves
What is one of the most relentless hunters among the carnivores?
weasel
What is the largest member of the weasel family?
wolverine
What is among the largest cats?
tiger
What are also among the largest cats but are unusual because they prefer to live in prides?
lions
What is a common resident of homes that are prized for their ability to keep places free of mice?
housecats
What are aquatic carnivores that are streamlines and covered with short, dense fir?
seals
What are aquatic carnivores that have tusks?
walruses
What are elongated upper incisor teeth?
tusks
What is the word used to describe it when an animal or plant is no longer found alive on earth?
extinct
What is the word used to describe it when an animal is considered to be when type of animals or plants that still exist today are in danger of extinction?
endangered
