Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is the study of living things?
biology
What is any living thing?
organism
What are regions where particular organisms normally live?
habitat
What is the study of plants?
botany
What is the study of animals?
zoology
What is the study of the physical structure and function of the human body?
human anatomy and physiology
What is the part of a plant that will produce fruits and seed?
flowers
What is the part of the plant that produces food through photosynthesis?
leaves
What part of the plant transports and stores food?
stems
What type of plant is a plant with a single, tall woody stem?
woody plant
What is a plant with a woody stem that stand erect without support?
tree
What type of plant has a soft stem?
herbaceous plant
What is any plant with a long, thin stem that grows along the ground or has tendrils that branch off from it?
vine
What type of root system has the main root grow straight down and remains larger that the secondary roots that branch off from it?
taproot system
What type of root system has the primary root remain small and many slender secondary roots that grow from it in all directions?
fibrous root system
What is a flowering seed plant whose flowers produce seeds covered by fruit and comprise about half of all known plants?
angiosperms
What is one of the largest families of angiosperms that is also called the sunflower family?
composite family
What is the top portion of the flower?
head
What are flowers at the center of the head that usually produce the fruits and seeds?
disk flowers
What are the flowers on the outer portion of the head that are mistaken for petals?
ray flowers
What is the family of plants that have square stems and whose members are often very aromatic?
mint family
What are some examples of members of the mint family?
oregano, salvia, peppermint. sage, etc.
What is the plant family whose members are used as foods and seasonings and are known for their composite flowers?
parsley family
What are some examples of the parsley family?
Queen Anne’s lace, celery, dill, poison hemlock, etc.
What is a life cycle completed in a single growing season?
annual
What is a life cycle completed in two growing seasons?
biennial
What is the life cycle that continues from year to year, blooming each season?
perennial
What is the plant family that includes plants with showy flowers and thorny stems?
rose family
What are some characteristics of the members of the rose family?
petals in groups of five, petals that open wide, thorny stems, showy flowers, etc.
What are some members of the rose family?
garden rose, wild rose, apples, pear, etc.
What is the plant family that is one of the biggest families of flowering plants and are known for their pod-like fruits?
pea family
What are some examples of members of the pea family?
lentils, peanut, alfalfa, mimosa trees, clover, etc.
What is a member of the pea family that is a rapidly growing vine that was imported from China and Japan to the southern United States?
kudzu
What is the plant family that consists of nutritious plants that are characterized by many of the green, leafy vegetables that we eat?
mustard family
What are some examples of the mustard family?
cabbage, collards, radish, cauliflower, etc.
What is a member of the pea family commonly referred to as?
a legume
Which plant family’s members actually enrich the soil as they grow?
the pea family
What type of nitrogen can plants?
nitrogen in the ground, not from the air
What is the type of bacteria in the ground that converts atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates and ammonia?
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
What type of bacteria in the ground converts decomposing matter into nitrates?
nitrifying bacteria
What type of bacteria in the ground converts unused nitrates back into atmospheric nitrogen?
denitrifying bacteria
Which plant family is a diverse family whose members include the Joshua tree, the tulip, etc.?
lily family
Which plant family is most popular because of it’s delicious nuts but also consists of poison ivy, poison sumac, and poison oak?
cashew family
Which plant family includes many important foods like tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, but also tobacco?
nightshade family
What is the portion of an angiosperm embryo that contains stores food used to supply the energy for production?
cotyledon
What are some characteristics of the monocot?
-parallel veins
- petals in multiples of 3
- fibrous root system
- one cotyledon
What are some characteristics of dicots?
- broad, flat leaves
- petals in multiples of 5
- taproot system
- two cotyledons
What are among the most important of flowering seed plants?
grasses
What is another name for grasses?
germanoids
What type of grass is used for lawns, athletic fields, golf courses, and playgrounds?
turf grass
What type of grass is used to beautify gardens, parks, and lawns?
pompas grass
What type of grass can also sometimes be used in landscaping?
woody grass
What is a creeping stem that grows above the ground?
stolon
What is the area where the leaves of grass come from; it also seems to wrap around the stem at the base of the leaf?
sheath
What are the flowers of fruits of grass?
grains
What is the largest of all plants?
tree
What are trees having broad, flat leaves?
broadleaf trees
What are most broadleaf trees called if they lose their leaves in the fall and remain bare all winter?
deciduous trees
What are trees that retains leaves throughout the winter?
evergreen
What is the bushy head that the leaves of a tree form?
crown
What is the main stem of a tree?
trunk
What are long tassel-like clusters of tiny grayish-or yellowish-green flowers?
catkins
What are fruits that have tiny wings to catch the breeze so that the seeds will be efficiently scattered?
samara
What is America’s largest deciduous tree?
sycamore
