Chapter 19 Flashcards
What are cold-blooded, water-dwelling creatures?
fish
What type of fish catches sight of an insect resting above the surface of the water and then takes aim and spits a stream of watery “arrows” at its prey?
archerfish
What type of fish has beautiful fins that resemble a bird’s feathers but are sharp as needles and inject deadly venom?
lionfish
What type of fish is covered with protective spines that can swell up into a prickly balloon by filling itself with water?
porcupine fish
What type of fish uses its swim bladder as a lung and can breath on the surface of the water?
lungfish
What is a broad, flat fish that makes its home on the sandy to muddy bottoms of shallow, warm waters?
stingray
What is the world’s smallest known fish?
carp
What is the world’s largest fish?
whale shark
What is the fish that projects itself up out of the water?
California flying fish
What type of fish have skeletons made either partially or wholly of bone?
bony fish
Who are scientists who study fish?
ichthyologists
What is the front portion of the fish’s body that extends from the mouth to the back of the gill covers?
head
What is the portion of a fish extending from the back of the gill covers to the urogenital opening?
trunk
What is the portion of a fish extending from the rear of the trunk to the base of the tail fin?
tail
What are the front gill covers on a fish?
operculum
What is the largest part of a fish’s body?
trunk
What are the most predominant features of the trunk and tail of a fish?
fins
What type of fins are located just behind the head on each side of the body?
pectoral fins
What type of fins are located to the rear of the pectoral fins and lower on the trunk?
pectoral fins
What are fins that project from the center line of the body
median fins
What type of fins serve as the fish’s propellor and rudder?
caudal fin
What produces a slimy mucus that makes fish slippery and gives them their fishy odor?
mucus cells
What are special pigment cells that give fish their richly varies colors?
chromatophores
What are small, body projections located just beneath the epidermis in the dermis of the skin?
scales
What part of a fish consists of many separate vertebrae of bone or cartilage?
backbone
What are W-shaped bands that the fish’s muscle is arranged in?
myomere
What are special organs that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass between that water and the fish’s blood?
gills
What is a curved arch of cartilage that supports a fish’s gill filaments?
gill arch
What are long, narrow portions of a fish’s gill in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged?
gill filaments
What is the gill cover of a fish?
operculum
What is the chamber located beneath the operculum that contains a fish’s gills?
gill chamber
What is the vane-like projection from the front of a fish’s gill arch that helps strain food particles and other debris out of the water?
gill rakers
What is a closed system of arteries, veins, and capillaries, broadly similar to that of mammals, birds, and reptiles?
cardiovascular system
How many chambers does a fish’s heart have?
two
What is a spiral divider in sharks and rays that absorbs nutrients?
spiral valve
What is a system of special nerve ending that extends over a fish’s head and the sides of its body?
lateral line
Where are the gamete excreted from a fish?
urogenital opening
What are the reproductive organs of a fish?
gametes
What means to lay eggs?
spawn
What is a hollow, gas-filled chamber that allows a fish to adjust its buoyance so that it can remain stationary at a fixed point?
swim bladder
