Chapter 14 Flashcards
What are presuppositions upon which a person bases his philosophy?
worldview
What is the idea that the universe consists of nothing but matter and energy and has no spiritual or supernatural aspects?
materialism
What is the idea that nature is all that exists that is also another name for materialism?
naturalism
How are certain assumptions that all scientific work is based on accepted?
faith
What is the philosophy of materialism a faith in?
nature and matter itself
Who was the British naturalist who wrote the Origin of Species and The Decent of Man and popularized evolution?
Charles Darwin
What was the ship upon which Darwin sailed around South America and to islands in the Pacific Ocean?
HMS Beagle
Who was the geologist who wrote Principles of Geology and developed the false doctrine of uniformitarianism?
Charles Lyell
What is the idea that the present is the only key to the past and that all things continue by natural processes at the same reates as they always have?
uniformitarianism
What was the book written by Darwin in which he presented his speculations about the origin and development of living things based on the many observations he had made in the course of the years?
The Origin of Species
What is the idea that the fittest and strongest members of each species were more likely to survive and reproduce than weaker, poorly adapted members?
natural selection
What is the concept of natural selection sometimes referred to as?
survival of the fittest
Why is Darwin’s reasoning faulty?
because variety within kinds has definite boundaries
What is the “science” that attempts to improve the human species by controlling hereditary factors and selectively breeding human to produce a “master race”?
eugenics
What has been defined as changes in the hereditary characteristics of groups of organisms over the course of generations?
evolution
What are the changes within a particular kind of organisms referring to variations in the gene pool within a population?
speciation
How do evolutionists refer to speciation?
microevolution
What is the hypothetical process by which new kinds of creatures emerge from existing kinds over time?
macroevolution
Has speciation or macroevolution been observed in nature?
speciation
What are the remains or impressions of plants, animals, and humans preserved in sedimentary rock?
fossils
What is the study of fossils?
paleontology
When viewed from a Biblical perspective, what is actually one of the most powerful evidences against evolution?
the fossil record
What are fossils that connect one kind of organism with another kind by a series of tiny steps?
transitional forms
If evolution were true, what would be found in the fossil record?
transitional forms
Have any true, unquestionable transitional forms ever been found to bridge the gaps between different kinds of organisms?
no
What is the idea that evolution occurs in sudden spurts, followed by long periods without noticeable change?
punctuated equilibrium hypothesis
What is the simple-to-complex sequence of fossils used by evolutionists to present the fossil record as a straight-forward evolutionary progression?
geologic column
What are the four main time divisions in the hypothetical geologic column called?
eons
What is a hypothetical arrangement of fossils and rocks?
geologic column
Does the succession of fossils indicated by the geologic column occur in the world?
no
What are fossils considered by evolutionists to be characteristic of a certain time period and therefore used to identify and date rock layers?
index fossils
What is a logic error of basing an argument on the assumption it attempts to prove?
circular reasoning
What is the technique that assigns hypothetical ages for rocks and fossils on the decay rates of radioactive elements?
radiometric dating
What is the method of radiometric dating that is commonly used for samples of biological origin?
carbon-14 method
What is the method of radiometric dating that is the most popular for dating rocks?
potassium-argon method
If there any way to measure how much of the parent and daughter elements were originally in a sample when using radiometric dating?
no
What do evolutionists call the sudden appearance of a great variety of complex organisms in the Cambrian rocks, with no evidence of ancestors in the Precambrian rocks?
Cambrian explosion
What was the fossil fish that was supposed to be a “missing link” between fish and amphibians until a live specimen was caught in the 1930s?
coelacanth
What is the unusual fossil bird often presented as an evolutionary link between dinosaurs and modern birds?
Archeopteryx
What is the hypothetical arrangement of horses and similar fossils that supposedly demonstrates how the horse evolved from small, tapir-like creature?
horse series
What was a three-toed, dog-sized mammal that had several characteristics similar to modern horses?
Eohippus
What was the book in which Charles Darwin applied his ideas of evolution to the origin of mankind?
The Decent of Man
What is the most important difference between man and apes?
man was created in the image of God
What was the “early human” fossil that was discovered near Piltdown, England and was proved to be a hoax?
Piltdown man
For over forty years, what was used as “proof” that man had evolved from apes until it was discovered that it was a hoax?
Piltdown man
What was the “human ancestor” fossil that was discovered in Nebraska and later proved to be an extinct pig?
Nebraska man
What was the “missing link” that was reconstructed from a single tooth?
Nebraska man
What was the medium-sized ape fossil once considered human-like by evolutionists but now known to be similar to modern orangutans?
Ramapithicus
What is an entire group of supposed “human like” fossils?
Australopithicus
What type of Australopithecus was a small extinct ape, represented by the “Tuang child” that was once considered a human ancestor?
A. africanus
What type of Australopithecus was an ape fossil found in 1959 that was originally considered a human ancestor?
A. boisei
What type of Australopithecus was a small extinct ape represented by the fossil nicknamed “Lucy”?
A. afarensis
What group of “human ancestors” includes small members that are extinct apes and large members that are fully human?
Homo habilis
What “human ancestor” fossil was discovered in 1893 on the Indonesian island of Java?
Java man
What “human ancestor” fossil was discovered in Beijing China and was very similar to Java man?
Peking man
What is the fossil species that is considered a human ancestor by evolutionists but most likely represents an extinct group of true humans?
Home erectus
What is a group of fully human fossils that was first discovered in Germany’s Neander Valley that were once considered by evolutionists to be subhuman, ape-like brutes?
Neanderthal man
What is a group of fully human fossils, first discovered in a cave in southwest France, that were originally considered subhuman by evoltuionists?
Cro-Magnon man
What is a good example of a structure that could not have developed gradually?
the wing of a bat
What is the study of similarities and differences in the body structure of organisms?
comparative anatomy
What is similarity among organisms designed for the same environment but different in internal structure?
analogy
What is similarity between organisms that have similar function and internal structure?
homology
What is the branch of science that seeks to discover how the mechanisms of living cells work?
molecular biology
What is an amorphous gel or slime that living cells were regarded as in Darwin’s time?
protoplasm
Who was the 18th-century British theologian who argued that the intricate mechanisms of living thing exhibit evidence of designs by their Creator?
William Paley
What is the scientific study of heredity?
genetics
What are random errors in an organism’s genetic material?
mutations
What is breeding within a small, isolated group?
inbreeding
Does natural selection provide new characteristics within a kind?
no
What is the English moth whose coloration demonstrated variation within a kind because of natural selection?
peppered moth
What is the discredited hypothesis stating that an unborn baby, while developing in its mother’s womb, goes through the stages of development that “replay” man’s supposed evolution from a simple invertebrate to his present form?
embryonic recapitulation
What are the seven basic assumptions that all evolutionists accept as true and valid collectively known as?
general theory of evolution
What is thinking seriously about the phenomena of the physical universe and forming general principles to explain them?
theoretical speculation (hypothesizing)
What is looking very closely at the physical universe for the purpose of gathering scientific knowledge about it?
observation
What is a special kind of observation that involves testing theoretical speculations in a controlled and systematic way?
experimentation
Is the origin of the universe beyond the realm of science?
yes
What was modern science characterized by historically?
its emphasis on provable facts
What is the hypothesis of evolution based on instead of solid evidence?
intuition
What is the quasi-religious idea that the earth and all living things that inhabit it constitute a single living thing?
Gaia-hypothesis
What are some branches of science motivated by instead of absolute truth because of the widespread acceptance of the Darwinian method of science?
politics or ideology
What is the theory that there is a large gap of time between Genesis 1:1 and Genesis 1:2 in which God created Earth complete with animals, plants, and possible people and then destroyed it because of Lucifer’s fall?
gap theory
What is the theory that claims that each of the six days recorded in Genesis 1 represents a long period of Creation?
day-age theory
What is a version of the day-age theory which teaches that God created difference things at different times over millions of years?
progressive creation
What denys that Genesis 1 and 2 are historical and instead treats them as merely poetic descriptions?
framework hypothesis
What is the belief that God used evolution to create the world and living things?
theistic evolution
