Chapter 5 Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
What is any place where two bones meet?
A
A joint
2
Q
What do joints do?
A
- Join bones together
- Control movement between the two bones
- Transfer forces between two bones
3
Q
The more mobile a joint is, the less _______ it is.
A
stable
4
Q
Synarthroses joints have ________ movement.
A
No
5
Q
Amphiarthrotic joints have ________ movement.
A
slight
6
Q
Diarthrosis joint have _______ movement.
A
free
7
Q
What type of joint has dense fibrous CT; no joint capsule.
A
Fibrous joint
8
Q
What type of joint has cartilage (hyaline or fibro) tissue; no joint capsule.
A
Cartilaginous jont
9
Q
What type of joint has hyaline cartilage; synovial cavity?
A
Synovial joint
10
Q
What are the three types of fibrous joints?
A
- Sutures
- Syndesmoses
- Gomphoses
11
Q
• Joints held together by extremely short interlocking fibers of dense irregular connective tissue.
A
Suture
12
Q
Strong ligamentous structures allowing for minimal movement.• Joint is connected by ligaments which vary in length depending on the joint.
A
Syndesmosis joints
13
Q
Interosseous membranes and anterior tibiofibular ligament are examples of?
A
Syndesmosis joints
14
Q
- Peg-in-socket joint found in the tooth socket - Synarthrotic - Teeth are the only example of this joint
A
Gomphosis joint
15
Q
What type of joints articulate bones united with hyaline or fibrocartilage and have no joint cavity present.
A
Cartilaginous joints
16
Q
What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?
A
- Synchondrosis
- Symphysis
17
Q
What are examples of synchondrosis joints?
A
- Epiphyseal plate in children
- Sternocostal joint
18
Q
What are examples of symphysis joints?
A
- Intervertebral joints
- Pubic symphysis
- Sternomanubrial joint
19
Q
What type of joint is immovable?
a. Synarthroses
b. Amphiarthrosis
c. Diarthrosis
A
a. Synarthroses
20
Q
Which of the following joints is a type of cartilaginous joint a. Syndesmoses b. Suture c. Gomphoses d. Synchondrosis e. Synovial
A
d. Synchondrosis
21
Q
A syndesmosis is a:
a. Cartilaginous joint
b. Fibrous joint
c. Synovial joint
d. Diarthrosis
A
b. Fibrous joint
22
Q
- Freely moveable - diarthrotic
- Ends of articulating bones have articular cartilage
- Joint cavity surrounded by a sleeve of ligamentous tissue
- Joint capsule
A
Synovial joints
23
Q
Synovial joint cavity and capsules:
What are the two layers of the capsule around the joint.
A
- External fibrous capsule
2. Internal synovial membrane
24
Q
What is the synovial cavity?
A
Small potential space that contains synovial fluid
25
What is synovial fluid?
Viscous fluid of plasma filtrate produced by the synovial membrane which reduces friction.
26
What is the origin of synovial joints?
Attached to bone that doesn't move (usually more proximal
27
What is the insertion of synovial joints?
Attached to moving bone (usually more distal)
28
Types of Movement: Sliding of one bone on another in one plane.
Gliding
29
Types of Movement: Increase or decrease the angle between 2 bones.
Angular
30
What are examples of angular movement?
Flexion, Extension, Hyperextension, Abduction, Adduction, Circumduction
31
Types of Movement: Turning of a bone around it's own long axis.
Rotation
32
What are examples of rotation movement?
Medial and Lateral
33
Types of Movement: Movements that only occur in a few or at special joints.
Special movements
34
What are some examples of special movements?
Supination and Pronation, Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion, Inversion and Eversion, Protraction and Retraction, Elevation and Depression, Opposition
35
Where does gliding movement occur? (waving)
Intercarpal joints and Intertarsal joints
36
What movement can occur in any plane?
Angular movement
37
What are some examples of angular movements?
* Flexion
* Extension
* Hyperextension
* Abduction
* Adduction
* Circumduction
38
What movement decreases the angle of a joint?
Flexion
39
What movement increases the angle of a joint?
Extension
40
What movement involves extending beyond the anatomical position?
Hyperextension
41
Movement of the limb away from the midline.
Abduction
42
Movement of the limb towards the midline.
Adduction
43
Movement moving in a cone.
Circumduction
44
What is rotation movement?
Turning of a bone around its own long axis.
45
What is movement between Atlas and Axis?
Rotation movement
46
What is medial rotation?
Rotating towards the midline
47
What is lateral rotation?
Rotation away from the midline
48
What are some examples of special movement?
* Supination and Pronation
* Opposition
* Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion
* Inversion and Eversion
* Protraction and Retraction
* Elevation and Depression
49
What is Supination vs Pronation?
```
Supination = palms up
Pronation = palms down
```
50
What is opposition movement?
Movement of the thumb so that it can touch other fingers (thumbs up, OK)
51
What is dorsiflexion movement?
Moving the foot upward
52
What is platarflexion movement?
Moving the foot downward
53
What is inversion movement?
Moving the foot medially
54
What is eversion movement?
Moving the foot laterally
55
What is protraction movement?
Movement anteriorly
56
What is retraction movement?
Movement posteriorly
57
What is elevation movement?
Movement superiorly
58
What is depression movement?
Movement inferiorly
59
```
Which of the following movements
increases the angle of a joint?
a. Flexion
b. Extension
c. Hyperextension
d. Abduction
e. Adduction
```
b. Extension
60
Medial rotation would be:
a. Movement of the limb towards the midline
b. Movement of the limb away from the midline
c. Rotating toward the midline
d. Rotating away from the midline
c. Rotating toward the midline
61
Pointing the toes upwards would be an example of a special movement known as:
a. Dorsiflexion
b. Plantarflexion
c. Inversion
d. Eversion
a. Dorsiflexion
62
What are examples of plane joints?
* Intercarpal joints
| * Intertarsal joints
63
What are examples of hinge joints?
* Elbow joint
| * Interphalangeal joints
64
What are examples of pivot joints?
* Movement of the atlas and dens of the axis - No
| * Proximal radio-ulnar joint – supination and pronation
65
What are examples of condyloid joints?
* Radial-carpal
* Atlanto-occipital joint
* Metacarpophalangeal joints
* knuckles
66
What is an example of a saddle joint?
• Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
67
What are examples of ball and socket joints?
* Shoulder joint
| * Hip joint
68
What are the two major ligaments in the shoulder joint?
* 2 major Ligaments:
* Coracohumeral Ligament - coracoid process to greater tubercle of humerus
* Strengthens superior/anterior portions of joint capsule
* Glenohumeral Ligament - superior lip of glenoid fossa to anatomical neck of humerus
* Stabilizes the joint at ends of range (weakest)
69
Group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint, keeping the head of your upper arm bone firmly within the shallow socket of the shoulder.
Rotator cuff
70
What makes up the rotator cuff?
* Subscapularis
* Infraspinatus
* Teres minor
* Supraspinatus
71
What are the two major ligaments in the elbow joint?
* Ulnar collateral ligament
| * Radial collateral ligament
72
What are the three major ligaments of the hip joint?
* Iliofemoral
* Ischiofemoral
* Pubofemoral
73
What is the largest and most complex joint?
Knee joint
74
Inflammatory OR degenerative disease that damages joints
Arthritis
75
What is osteoarthritis?
wear an tear on the joint. 85% of people will get it
76
* Autoimmune disease: immune system attacks its own tissues
* Begins with inflammation of the synovial membrane: synovitis
* Inflammatory cells will release chemicals that break down tissue
* Scar tissue forms and ossifies
Rheumatoid Arthritis
77
* Aka : Gout
* Deposit of Uric Acid crystals in the joint (usually of the big toe)
* Uric Acid is a normal waste product excreted by the kidneys
* If blood uric acid levels rise it will cause deposit of the crystals in the joint and an inflammatory reaction can occur
Gouty Arthritis
78
```
Which of the following joint types
allows for the most movement?
a. Planar
b. Hinge
c. Pivot
d. Condyloid
e. Ball-and-socket
```
e. Ball-and-socket
79
Intracapsular ligaments are found:
a. Outside the capsule
b. Within the articular capsule but still covered with synovial fluid
c. Within the articular capsule but not covered with synovial
membrane
d. Within the intramembranous space
80
```
The elbow joint is an example of
what type of joint?
a. Ball and socket
b. Hinge
c. Saddle
d. Condyloid
```
b. Hinge
