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Anatomy > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is any place where two bones meet?

A

A joint

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2
Q

What do joints do?

A
  • Join bones together
  • Control movement between the two bones
  • Transfer forces between two bones
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3
Q

The more mobile a joint is, the less _______ it is.

A

stable

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4
Q

Synarthroses joints have ________ movement.

A

No

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5
Q

Amphiarthrotic joints have ________ movement.

A

slight

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6
Q

Diarthrosis joint have _______ movement.

A

free

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7
Q

What type of joint has dense fibrous CT; no joint capsule.

A

Fibrous joint

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8
Q

What type of joint has cartilage (hyaline or fibro) tissue; no joint capsule.

A

Cartilaginous jont

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9
Q

What type of joint has hyaline cartilage; synovial cavity?

A

Synovial joint

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10
Q

What are the three types of fibrous joints?

A
  • Sutures
  • Syndesmoses
  • Gomphoses
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11
Q

• Joints held together by extremely short interlocking fibers of dense irregular connective tissue.

A

Suture

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12
Q

Strong ligamentous structures allowing for minimal movement.• Joint is connected by ligaments which vary in length depending on the joint.

A

Syndesmosis joints

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13
Q

Interosseous membranes and anterior tibiofibular ligament are examples of?

A

Syndesmosis joints

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14
Q 
- Peg-in-socket joint found in the
tooth socket
 - Synarthrotic
 - Teeth are the only example of
this joint
A

Gomphosis joint

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15
Q

What type of joints articulate bones united with hyaline or fibrocartilage and have no joint cavity present.

A

Cartilaginous joints

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16
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

A
  • Synchondrosis

- Symphysis

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17
Q

What are examples of synchondrosis joints?

A
  • Epiphyseal plate in children

- Sternocostal joint

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18
Q

What are examples of symphysis joints?

A
  • Intervertebral joints
  • Pubic symphysis
  • Sternomanubrial joint
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19
Q

What type of joint is immovable?

a. Synarthroses
b. Amphiarthrosis
c. Diarthrosis

A

a. Synarthroses

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20
Q 
Which of the following joints is a
type of cartilaginous joint
a. Syndesmoses
b. Suture
c. Gomphoses
d. Synchondrosis
e. Synovial
A

d. Synchondrosis

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21
Q

A syndesmosis is a:

a. Cartilaginous joint
b. Fibrous joint
c. Synovial joint
d. Diarthrosis

A

b. Fibrous joint

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22
Q
  • Freely moveable - diarthrotic
  • Ends of articulating bones have articular cartilage
  • Joint cavity surrounded by a sleeve of ligamentous tissue
  • Joint capsule
A

Synovial joints

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23
Q

Synovial joint cavity and capsules:

What are the two layers of the capsule around the joint.

A
  1. External fibrous capsule

2. Internal synovial membrane

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24
Q

What is the synovial cavity?

A

Small potential space that contains synovial fluid

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25
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A

Viscous fluid of plasma filtrate produced by the synovial membrane which reduces friction.

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26
Q

What is the origin of synovial joints?

A

Attached to bone that doesn’t move (usually more proximal

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27
Q

What is the insertion of synovial joints?

A

Attached to moving bone (usually more distal)

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28
Q

Types of Movement: Sliding of one bone on another in one plane.

A

Gliding

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29
Q

Types of Movement: Increase or decrease the angle between 2 bones.

A

Angular

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30
Q

What are examples of angular movement?

A

Flexion, Extension, Hyperextension, Abduction, Adduction, Circumduction

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31
Q

Types of Movement: Turning of a bone around it’s own long axis.

A

Rotation

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32
Q

What are examples of rotation movement?

A

Medial and Lateral

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33
Q

Types of Movement: Movements that only occur in a few or at special joints.

A

Special movements

34
Q

What are some examples of special movements?

A

Supination and Pronation, Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion, Inversion and Eversion, Protraction and Retraction, Elevation and Depression, Opposition

35
Q

Where does gliding movement occur? (waving)

A

Intercarpal joints and Intertarsal joints

36
Q

What movement can occur in any plane?

A

Angular movement

37
Q

What are some examples of angular movements?

A
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Hyperextension
  • Abduction
  • Adduction
  • Circumduction
38
Q

What movement decreases the angle of a joint?

A

Flexion

39
Q

What movement increases the angle of a joint?

A

Extension

40
Q

What movement involves extending beyond the anatomical position?

A

Hyperextension

41
Q

Movement of the limb away from the midline.

A

Abduction

42
Q

Movement of the limb towards the midline.

A

Adduction

43
Q

Movement moving in a cone.

A

Circumduction

44
Q

What is rotation movement?

A

Turning of a bone around its own long axis.

45
Q

What is movement between Atlas and Axis?

A

Rotation movement

46
Q

What is medial rotation?

A

Rotating towards the midline

47
Q

What is lateral rotation?

A

Rotation away from the midline

48
Q

What are some examples of special movement?

A
  • Supination and Pronation
  • Opposition
  • Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion
  • Inversion and Eversion
  • Protraction and Retraction
  • Elevation and Depression
49
Q

What is Supination vs Pronation?

A 
Supination = palms up
Pronation = palms down
50
Q

What is opposition movement?

A

Movement of the thumb so that it can touch other fingers (thumbs up, OK)

51
Q

What is dorsiflexion movement?

A

Moving the foot upward

52
Q

What is platarflexion movement?

A

Moving the foot downward

53
Q

What is inversion movement?

A

Moving the foot medially

54
Q

What is eversion movement?

A

Moving the foot laterally

55
Q

What is protraction movement?

A

Movement anteriorly

56
Q

What is retraction movement?

A

Movement posteriorly

57
Q

What is elevation movement?

A

Movement superiorly

58
Q

What is depression movement?

A

Movement inferiorly

59
Q 
Which of the following movements
increases the angle of a joint? 
a. Flexion
b. Extension
c. Hyperextension
d. Abduction
e. Adduction
A

b. Extension

60
Q

Medial rotation would be:

a. Movement of the limb towards the midline
b. Movement of the limb away from the midline
c. Rotating toward the midline
d. Rotating away from the midline

A

c. Rotating toward the midline

61
Q

Pointing the toes upwards would be an example of a special movement known as:

a. Dorsiflexion
b. Plantarflexion
c. Inversion
d. Eversion

A

a. Dorsiflexion

62
Q

What are examples of plane joints?

A
  • Intercarpal joints

* Intertarsal joints

63
Q

What are examples of hinge joints?

A
  • Elbow joint

* Interphalangeal joints

64
Q

What are examples of pivot joints?

A
  • Movement of the atlas and dens of the axis - No

* Proximal radio-ulnar joint – supination and pronation

65
Q

What are examples of condyloid joints?

A
  • Radial-carpal
  • Atlanto-occipital joint
  • Metacarpophalangeal joints
  • knuckles
66
Q

What is an example of a saddle joint?

A

• Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

67
Q

What are examples of ball and socket joints?

A
  • Shoulder joint

* Hip joint

68
Q

What are the two major ligaments in the shoulder joint?

A
  • 2 major Ligaments:
  • Coracohumeral Ligament - coracoid process to greater tubercle of humerus
  • Strengthens superior/anterior portions of joint capsule
  • Glenohumeral Ligament - superior lip of glenoid fossa to anatomical neck of humerus
  • Stabilizes the joint at ends of range (weakest)
69
Q

Group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint, keeping the head of your upper arm bone firmly within the shallow socket of the shoulder.

A

Rotator cuff

70
Q

What makes up the rotator cuff?

A
  • Subscapularis
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Supraspinatus
71
Q

What are the two major ligaments in the elbow joint?

A
  • Ulnar collateral ligament

* Radial collateral ligament

72
Q

What are the three major ligaments of the hip joint?

A
  • Iliofemoral
  • Ischiofemoral
  • Pubofemoral
73
Q

What is the largest and most complex joint?

A

Knee joint

74
Q

Inflammatory OR degenerative disease that damages joints

A

Arthritis

75
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

wear an tear on the joint. 85% of people will get it

76
Q
  • Autoimmune disease: immune system attacks its own tissues
  • Begins with inflammation of the synovial membrane: synovitis
  • Inflammatory cells will release chemicals that break down tissue
  • Scar tissue forms and ossifies
A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

77
Q
  • Aka : Gout
  • Deposit of Uric Acid crystals in the joint (usually of the big toe)
  • Uric Acid is a normal waste product excreted by the kidneys
  • If blood uric acid levels rise it will cause deposit of the crystals in the joint and an inflammatory reaction can occur
A

Gouty Arthritis

78
Q 
Which of the following joint types
allows for the most movement?
a. Planar
b. Hinge
c. Pivot
d. Condyloid
e. Ball-and-socket
A

e. Ball-and-socket

79
Q

Intracapsular ligaments are found:
a. Outside the capsule
b. Within the articular capsule but still covered with synovial fluid
c. Within the articular capsule but not covered with synovial
membrane
d. Within the intramembranous space

A
80
Q 
The elbow joint is an example of
what type of joint? 
a. Ball and socket
b. Hinge
c. Saddle
d. Condyloid
A

b. Hinge

Anatomy (18 decks)

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