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Anatomy > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is any place where two bones meet?

A

A joint

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2
Q

What do joints do?

A
  • Join bones together
  • Control movement between the two bones
  • Transfer forces between two bones
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3
Q

The more mobile a joint is, the less _______ it is.

A

stable

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4
Q

Synarthroses joints have ________ movement.

A

No

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5
Q

Amphiarthrotic joints have ________ movement.

A

slight

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6
Q

Diarthrosis joint have _______ movement.

A

free

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7
Q

What type of joint has dense fibrous CT; no joint capsule.

A

Fibrous joint

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8
Q

What type of joint has cartilage (hyaline or fibro) tissue; no joint capsule.

A

Cartilaginous jont

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9
Q

What type of joint has hyaline cartilage; synovial cavity?

A

Synovial joint

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10
Q

What are the three types of fibrous joints?

A
  • Sutures
  • Syndesmoses
  • Gomphoses
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11
Q

• Joints held together by extremely short interlocking fibers of dense irregular connective tissue.

A

Suture

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12
Q

Strong ligamentous structures allowing for minimal movement.• Joint is connected by ligaments which vary in length depending on the joint.

A

Syndesmosis joints

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13
Q

Interosseous membranes and anterior tibiofibular ligament are examples of?

A

Syndesmosis joints

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14
Q 
- Peg-in-socket joint found in the
tooth socket
 - Synarthrotic
 - Teeth are the only example of
this joint
A

Gomphosis joint

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15
Q

What type of joints articulate bones united with hyaline or fibrocartilage and have no joint cavity present.

A

Cartilaginous joints

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16
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

A
  • Synchondrosis

- Symphysis

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17
Q

What are examples of synchondrosis joints?

A
  • Epiphyseal plate in children

- Sternocostal joint

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18
Q

What are examples of symphysis joints?

A
  • Intervertebral joints
  • Pubic symphysis
  • Sternomanubrial joint
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19
Q

What type of joint is immovable?

a. Synarthroses
b. Amphiarthrosis
c. Diarthrosis

A

a. Synarthroses

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20
Q 
Which of the following joints is a
type of cartilaginous joint
a. Syndesmoses
b. Suture
c. Gomphoses
d. Synchondrosis
e. Synovial
A

d. Synchondrosis

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21
Q

A syndesmosis is a:

a. Cartilaginous joint
b. Fibrous joint
c. Synovial joint
d. Diarthrosis

A

b. Fibrous joint

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22
Q
  • Freely moveable - diarthrotic
  • Ends of articulating bones have articular cartilage
  • Joint cavity surrounded by a sleeve of ligamentous tissue
  • Joint capsule
A

Synovial joints

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23
Q

Synovial joint cavity and capsules:

What are the two layers of the capsule around the joint.

A
  1. External fibrous capsule

2. Internal synovial membrane

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24
Q

What is the synovial cavity?

A

Small potential space that contains synovial fluid

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25
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A

Viscous fluid of plasma filtrate produced by the synovial membrane which reduces friction.

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26
Q

What is the origin of synovial joints?

A

Attached to bone that doesn’t move (usually more proximal

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27
Q

What is the insertion of synovial joints?

A

Attached to moving bone (usually more distal)

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28
Q

Types of Movement: Sliding of one bone on another in one plane.

A

Gliding

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29
Q

Types of Movement: Increase or decrease the angle between 2 bones.

A

Angular

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30
Q

What are examples of angular movement?

A

Flexion, Extension, Hyperextension, Abduction, Adduction, Circumduction

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31
Q

Types of Movement: Turning of a bone around it’s own long axis.

A

Rotation

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32
Q

What are examples of rotation movement?

A

Medial and Lateral

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33
Q

Types of Movement: Movements that only occur in a few or at special joints.

A

Special movements

34
Q

What are some examples of special movements?

A

Supination and Pronation, Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion, Inversion and Eversion, Protraction and Retraction, Elevation and Depression, Opposition

35
Q

Where does gliding movement occur? (waving)

A

Intercarpal joints and Intertarsal joints

36
Q

What movement can occur in any plane?

A

Angular movement

37
Q

What are some examples of angular movements?

A
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Hyperextension
  • Abduction
  • Adduction
  • Circumduction
38
Q

What movement decreases the angle of a joint?

39
Q

What movement increases the angle of a joint?

40
Q

What movement involves extending beyond the anatomical position?

A

Hyperextension

41
Q

Movement of the limb away from the midline.

42
Q

Movement of the limb towards the midline.

43
Q

Movement moving in a cone.

A

Circumduction

44
Q

What is rotation movement?

A

Turning of a bone around its own long axis.

45
Q

What is movement between Atlas and Axis?

A

Rotation movement

46
Q

What is medial rotation?

A

Rotating towards the midline

47
Q

What is lateral rotation?

A

Rotation away from the midline

48
Q

What are some examples of special movement?

A
  • Supination and Pronation
  • Opposition
  • Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion
  • Inversion and Eversion
  • Protraction and Retraction
  • Elevation and Depression
49
Q

What is Supination vs Pronation?

A 
Supination = palms up
Pronation = palms down
50
Q

What is opposition movement?

A

Movement of the thumb so that it can touch other fingers (thumbs up, OK)

51
Q

What is dorsiflexion movement?

A

Moving the foot upward

52
Q

What is platarflexion movement?

A

Moving the foot downward

53
Q

What is inversion movement?

A

Moving the foot medially

54
Q

What is eversion movement?

A

Moving the foot laterally

55
Q

What is protraction movement?

A

Movement anteriorly

56
Q

What is retraction movement?

A

Movement posteriorly

57
Q

What is elevation movement?

A

Movement superiorly

58
Q

What is depression movement?

A

Movement inferiorly

59
Q 
Which of the following movements
increases the angle of a joint? 
a. Flexion
b. Extension
c. Hyperextension
d. Abduction
e. Adduction
A

b. Extension

60
Q

Medial rotation would be:

a. Movement of the limb towards the midline
b. Movement of the limb away from the midline
c. Rotating toward the midline
d. Rotating away from the midline

A

c. Rotating toward the midline

61
Q

Pointing the toes upwards would be an example of a special movement known as:

a. Dorsiflexion
b. Plantarflexion
c. Inversion
d. Eversion

A

a. Dorsiflexion

62
Q

What are examples of plane joints?

A
  • Intercarpal joints

* Intertarsal joints

63
Q

What are examples of hinge joints?

A
  • Elbow joint

* Interphalangeal joints

64
Q

What are examples of pivot joints?

A
  • Movement of the atlas and dens of the axis - No

* Proximal radio-ulnar joint – supination and pronation

65
Q

What are examples of condyloid joints?

A
  • Radial-carpal
  • Atlanto-occipital joint
  • Metacarpophalangeal joints
  • knuckles
66
Q

What is an example of a saddle joint?

A

• Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

67
Q

What are examples of ball and socket joints?

A
  • Shoulder joint

* Hip joint

68
Q

What are the two major ligaments in the shoulder joint?

A
  • 2 major Ligaments:
  • Coracohumeral Ligament - coracoid process to greater tubercle of humerus
  • Strengthens superior/anterior portions of joint capsule
  • Glenohumeral Ligament - superior lip of glenoid fossa to anatomical neck of humerus
  • Stabilizes the joint at ends of range (weakest)
69
Q

Group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint, keeping the head of your upper arm bone firmly within the shallow socket of the shoulder.

A

Rotator cuff

70
Q

What makes up the rotator cuff?

A
  • Subscapularis
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Supraspinatus
71
Q

What are the two major ligaments in the elbow joint?

A
  • Ulnar collateral ligament

* Radial collateral ligament

72
Q

What are the three major ligaments of the hip joint?

A
  • Iliofemoral
  • Ischiofemoral
  • Pubofemoral
73
Q

What is the largest and most complex joint?

A

Knee joint

74
Q

Inflammatory OR degenerative disease that damages joints

75
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

wear an tear on the joint. 85% of people will get it

76
Q
  • Autoimmune disease: immune system attacks its own tissues
  • Begins with inflammation of the synovial membrane: synovitis
  • Inflammatory cells will release chemicals that break down tissue
  • Scar tissue forms and ossifies
A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

77
Q
  • Aka : Gout
  • Deposit of Uric Acid crystals in the joint (usually of the big toe)
  • Uric Acid is a normal waste product excreted by the kidneys
  • If blood uric acid levels rise it will cause deposit of the crystals in the joint and an inflammatory reaction can occur
A

Gouty Arthritis

78
Q 
Which of the following joint types
allows for the most movement?
a. Planar
b. Hinge
c. Pivot
d. Condyloid
e. Ball-and-socket
A

e. Ball-and-socket

79
Q

Intracapsular ligaments are found:
a. Outside the capsule
b. Within the articular capsule but still covered with synovial fluid
c. Within the articular capsule but not covered with synovial
membrane
d. Within the intramembranous space

80
Q 
The elbow joint is an example of
what type of joint? 
a. Ball and socket
b. Hinge
c. Saddle
d. Condyloid

Anatomy (18 decks)

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