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Anatomy > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the adult skeleton?

A

206

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2
Q

What composes the axial skeleton?

A

The skull, the vertebral column, and the thoracic cage.

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3
Q

What protects the brain, spinal chord, and thoracic organs?

A

The axial skeleton

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4
Q

• Encase and protect brain
• Serve as attachment site for neck and face muscles
• Allow passageway for spinal cord, 12 pair of cranial nerves
and major blood vessels

A

The cranium

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5
Q
  • Contain cavities for special senses
  • Openings for air and food passage
  • Secure teeth
  • Anchor facial muscles
A

The facial bones

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6
Q

• Consists of 26 irregularly shaped bones resulting in a flexible, curved
structure
• Functions:
• Serves as axial support of the trunk
• Transmits the weight of the trunk to the lower limbs
• Surrounds and protects the spinal cord
• Attachment point for ribs and muscles of the upper back and neck

A

Vertebral column

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7
Q

What are the 5 major regions of the vertebral column?

A
  • Cervical: 7 vertebrae
  • Thoracic: 12 vertebrae
  • Lumbar: 5 vertebrae
  • Sacrum: 5 fused vertebrae
  • Coccyx: 4 fused vertebrae
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8
Q

What are the 4 major curvatures of the vertebral column?

A
  • Cervical: convex
  • Thoracic: concave
  • Lumbar: convex
  • Sacral: concave
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9
Q

What is abnormal lateral curvature of spine?

A

Scoliosis

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10
Q

What is exaggerated thoracic curvature of the spine?

A

Kyphosis

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11
Q

What is exaggerated lumbar curvature; swayback of the spine?

A

Lordosis

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12
Q

Vertebra C1-C7 is?

A

Cervical vertebrae

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13
Q

Vertebra T1-T12 is?

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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14
Q

Vertebra L1-L5 is?

A

Lumbar vertebra

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15
Q

What serves to hold the vertebral column in place?

A

Vertebral column ligaments

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16
Q

What does the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament do?

A

Prevent hyperextension of the vertebral column

17
Q

What does the posterior longitudinal ligament do?

A

Prevents hyperflexion of the vertebral column

18
Q

What are the cushion-like pads acting as shock absorbers allowing the spine to flex and extend?

A

Intervertebral discs

19
Q

What involves protrusion of the disc?

A

Herniated disc

20
Q

Ribs 1-7 attached to sternum by cartilage

A

True ribs

21
Q

Ribs 8-10, joins costal cartilage of ribs above.

A

False ribs

22
Q

Ribs 11-12, do not attach to sternum

A

Floating ribs

23
Q 
Which of the following would refer to an
overexaggerated thoracic curvature
a. Lordosis
b. Kyphosis
c. Scoliosis
d. Lumbardosis
e. Swayback
A

b. kyphosis

24
Q 
Which of the following is not one of
the paranasal sinuses?
a. Frontal
b. Ethmoid
c. Sphenoid
d. Maxillary
e. Mandibular
A

e. Mandibular

25
Q

The vertebrae that articulates directly with the
occipital condyles of the skull superiorly allowing for
“yes” movement
a. C7
b. Atlas
c. Axis
d. Vertebral prominens

A

b. Atlas

26
Q

What attaches arm to axial skeleton?

A

Shoulder girdle

27
Q

What attaches the leg to the axial skeleton?

A

Pelvic girdle

28
Q

What is composed of the scapula and the clavicle?

A

Pectoral girdle

29
Q

What composes the pelvic girdle?

A
  • Ilium
  • Ischium
  • Pubic
30
Q

What is the difference between male and female pelvis?

A 
Female:
• Adapted for child bearing
• Tilted forward
• Lighter bone
• Wide pubic arch
• Shorter, wider sacrum
• Moveable sacrum
• Wide pelvic inlet/outlet
Male:
• Heavier bones
• Narrow pubic arch
• Narrow sacrum
• Narrow pelvic inlet/outlet
31
Q

What is the shape of an infants spine?

A

• Thoracic and Sacral curves are present at birth
giving infant a “C” shaped spine
• Cervical and Lumbar curves appear as the child
develops

32
Q 
Which of the following does not
make up the coxal bone?
a. Ilium
b. Ischium
c. Sacrum
d. Pubis
A

c. Sacrum

33
Q

The female pelvis

a. Heavier than the male pelvis
b. Tilted backwards
c. Has a wider pubic arch
d. Has a narrower pelvic inlet/outlet
e. Has a narrower sacrum

A

c. Has a wider pubic arch

Anatomy (18 decks)

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