Chapter 4

Question 1

How many bones are in the adult skeleton?

Answer 1

206

Question 2

What composes the axial skeleton?

Answer 2

The skull, the vertebral column, and the thoracic cage.

Question 3

What protects the brain, spinal chord, and thoracic organs?

Answer 3

The axial skeleton

Question 4

• Encase and protect brain
• Serve as attachment site for neck and face muscles
• Allow passageway for spinal cord, 12 pair of cranial nerves
and major blood vessels

Answer 4

The cranium

Question 5

• Contain cavities for special senses
• Openings for air and food passage
• Secure teeth
• Anchor facial muscles

Answer 5

The facial bones

Question 6

• Consists of 26 irregularly shaped bones resulting in a flexible, curved
structure
• Functions:
• Serves as axial support of the trunk
• Transmits the weight of the trunk to the lower limbs
• Surrounds and protects the spinal cord
• Attachment point for ribs and muscles of the upper back and neck

Answer 6

Vertebral column

Question 7

What are the 5 major regions of the vertebral column?

Answer 7

• Cervical: 7 vertebrae
• Thoracic: 12 vertebrae
• Lumbar: 5 vertebrae
• Sacrum: 5 fused vertebrae
• Coccyx: 4 fused vertebrae

Question 8

What are the 4 major curvatures of the vertebral column?

Answer 8

• Cervical: convex
• Thoracic: concave
• Lumbar: convex
• Sacral: concave

Question 9

What is abnormal lateral curvature of spine?

Answer 9

Scoliosis

Question 10

What is exaggerated thoracic curvature of the spine?

Answer 10

Kyphosis

Question 11

What is exaggerated lumbar curvature; swayback of the spine?

Answer 11

Lordosis

Question 12

Vertebra C1-C7 is?

Answer 12

Cervical vertebrae

Question 13

Vertebra T1-T12 is?

Answer 13

Thoracic vertebrae

Question 14

Vertebra L1-L5 is?

Answer 14

Lumbar vertebra

Question 15

What serves to hold the vertebral column in place?

Answer 15

Vertebral column ligaments

Question 16

What does the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament do?

Answer 16

Prevent hyperextension of the vertebral column

Question 17

What does the posterior longitudinal ligament do?

Answer 17

Prevents hyperflexion of the vertebral column

Question 18

What are the cushion-like pads acting as shock absorbers allowing the spine to flex and extend?

Answer 18

Intervertebral discs

Question 19

What involves protrusion of the disc?

Answer 19

Herniated disc

Question 20

Ribs 1-7 attached to sternum by cartilage

Answer 20

True ribs

Question 21

Ribs 8-10, joins costal cartilage of ribs above.

Answer 21

False ribs

Question 22

Ribs 11-12, do not attach to sternum

Answer 22

Floating ribs

Question 23

Which of the following would refer to an
overexaggerated thoracic curvature
a. Lordosis
b. Kyphosis
c. Scoliosis
d. Lumbardosis
e. Swayback

Answer 23

b. kyphosis

Question 24

Which of the following is not one of
the paranasal sinuses?
a. Frontal
b. Ethmoid
c. Sphenoid
d. Maxillary
e. Mandibular

Answer 24

e. Mandibular

Question 25

The vertebrae that articulates directly with the occipital condyles of the skull superiorly allowing for “yes” movement a. C7 b. Atlas c. Axis d. Vertebral prominens

Answer 25

b. Atlas

Question 26

What attaches arm to axial skeleton?

Answer 26

Shoulder girdle

Question 27

What attaches the leg to the axial skeleton?

Answer 27

Pelvic girdle

Question 28

What is composed of the scapula and the clavicle?

Answer 28

Pectoral girdle

Question 29

What composes the pelvic girdle?

Answer 29

* Ilium * Ischium * Pubic

Question 30

What is the difference between male and female pelvis?

Answer 30

``` Female: • Adapted for child bearing • Tilted forward • Lighter bone • Wide pubic arch • Shorter, wider sacrum • Moveable sacrum • Wide pelvic inlet/outlet Male: • Heavier bones • Narrow pubic arch • Narrow sacrum • Narrow pelvic inlet/outlet ```

Question 31

What is the shape of an infants spine?

Answer 31

• Thoracic and Sacral curves are present at birth giving infant a “C” shaped spine • Cervical and Lumbar curves appear as the child develops

Question 32

``` Which of the following does not make up the coxal bone? a. Ilium b. Ischium c. Sacrum d. Pubis ```

Answer 32

c. Sacrum

Question 33

The female pelvis a. Heavier than the male pelvis b. Tilted backwards c. Has a wider pubic arch d. Has a narrower pelvic inlet/outlet e. Has a narrower sacrum

Answer 33

c. Has a wider pubic arch