Chapter 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is Anatomy?
A
Study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another.
2
Q
What is Physiology?
A
Study of the function of body parts and how they work together. (HOMEOSTASIS)
3
Q
What languages do our anatomical terms come from?
A
Greek and Latin
4
Q
The position where body is erect, head is forward and arms are at side with palms forward.
A
Anatomical position
5
Q
Position where body is laying face down.
A
Prone
6
Q
Position where body is lying face up.
A
Supine
7
Q
Planes: What are anatomical planes?
A
Four imaginary flat surfaces or planes that pass through the body in anatomical position.
8
Q
Planes: What is the sagittal plane?
A
Divides body into left and right parts
9
Q
Planes: What is the transverse plane?
A
Divides body into superior and inferior parts.
10
Q
Planes: What is the coronal plane?
A
Divides body into anterior and posterior parts.
11
Q
Planes: What is the oblique plane?
A
Passes through organ or through body at an angle.
12
Q
What kind of anatomy can’t be seen with the naked eye?
A
Microscopic anatomy
13
Q
What kind of anatomy studies visible structures?
A
Gross anatomy
14
Q
What type of anatomy studies embryology?
A
Developmental anatomy
15
Q
Organization of the body: Put organ system, organ, cell, organism and tissue in order in levels of organization.
A
Cell < Tissue < Organ < Organ System < Organism
16
Q
Organ Systems: Bones, Cartilage, Joints
A
Skeletal System
17
Q
Organ Systems: Brain, Spinal Chord, and Peripheral Nerves
A
Nervous System
18
Q
Organ Systems: Heart, Blood Vessels
A
Cardiovascular System
19
Q
Organ Systems: Hair, Skin, Nails
A
Integumentary System
20
Q
Organ Systems: Skeletal Muscles, Tendons
A
Muscular System
21
Q
Organ Systems: Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Adrenal Glands and Testes
A
Endocrine System
22
Q
Organ Systems: Spleen, Lymph Nodes and Lymphatic Vessels
A
Lymphatic System
23
Q
Organ Systems: Stomach, Liver, Gall Bladder, Large Intestines and Small Intestines
A
Digestive System
24
Q
Organ System: Nasal Passage, Trachea, Lungs
A
Respiratory System
25
Organ Systems: Kidneys, Urinary Bladder
Urinary System
26
Organ System: Epidydimis, Testes,
Male Reproductive System
27
Organ System: Mammary Glands, Ovaries, Uterus
Female Reproductive System
28
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is Nasal Region?
Nose
29
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is Oral Region?
Mouth
30
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is Cervical Region?
Neck
31
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the Deltoid Region?
Shoulder
32
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the Axillary Region?
Armpit
33
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the Brachial Region?
Arm
34
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the Antecubital Region?
Front of Elbow
35
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the Antebrachial Region?
Forearm
36
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the Coxal Region?
Hip
37
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the carpal region?
Wrist
38
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the palmar region?
Palm
39
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the digital region?
Fingers
40
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the femoral region?
Thigh
41
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the patellar region?
Knee
42
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the crural region?
Leg
43
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the pes region?
Foot
44
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the cephalic region?
Head
45
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the frontal region?
Forehead
46
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the orbital region?
Eyes
47
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the buccal region?
Cheeks
48
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the mental region?
Chin
49
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the sternal region?
sternum
50
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the pectoral region?
Chest
51
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the mammary region?
Breast
52
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the abdominal region?
Abdomen
53
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the pelvic region?
Waist
54
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the Inguinal Region?
Groin
55
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the pubic region?
Genitalia area
56
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the tarsal region?
Ankle
57
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the Dorsum of the foot?
Top of foot
58
Regional Anatomical Terms (Anterior View): What is the digital foot region?
Toes
59
Regional Anatomical Terms (Posterior View): What is the cranial region?
Part of head surrounding brain
60
Regional Anatomical Terms (Posterior View): What is the Occipital region?
Back of head
61
Regional Anatomical Terms (Posterior View): What is the Auricular Region?
Ears
62
Regional Anatomical Terms (Posterior View): What is the deltoid region?
Shoulder
63
Regional Anatomical Terms (Posterior View): What is the thoracic region?
Top back muscles
64
Regional Anatomical Terms (Posterior View): What is the vertebral region?
Spinal column
65
Regional Anatomical Terms (Posterior View): What is the brachial region?
Arm
66
Regional Anatomical Terms (Posterior View): What is the olecranal region?
Elbow
67
Regional Anatomical Terms (Posterior View): What is the abdominal region?
Just above lower back
68
Regional Anatomical Terms (Posterior View): What is the lumbar region?
Lower back
69
Regional Anatomical Terms (Posterior View): What is the sacral region?
Above butt crack
70
Regional Anatomical Terms (Posterior View): What is the Antabrachial region?
forearm
71
Regional Anatomical Terms (Posterior View): What is the Gluteal region?
Buttock
72
Regional Anatomical Terms (Posterior View): What is the Dorsum of the hand?
hand region superior to knuckles
73
Regional Anatomical Terms (Posterior View): What is the manus region?
The hand
74
Regional Anatomical Terms (Posterior View): What is the perineal region?
Gooch
75
Regional Anatomical Terms (Posterior View): What is the femoral region?
Thigh
76
Regional Anatomical Terms (Posterior View): What is the popliteal region?
Back of knee
77
Regional Anatomical Terms (Posterior View): What is the sural region?
Calf
78
Regional Anatomical Terms (Posterior View): What is the calcaneal region?
Heel
79
Regional Anatomical Terms (Posterior View): What is the plantar region?
Sole of foot
80
Spaces within the
body that hold and protect the
visceral organs?
Body Cavities
81
What are the two major body cavities?
Dorsal (back) and Ventral (front)
82
What cavities are in the dorsal cavity?
Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity
83
What cavities are in the ventral cavity?
Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
84
What ventral cavity has 2 pleural cavities, the mediastinum and the pericardial cavity?
Thoracic Cavity
85
What thoracic cavity holds the lungs?
Pleural cavities
86
What thoracic cavity holds the heart?
Pericardial cavity
87
What abdominopelvic cavity contains stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, gallbladder, kidneys and peritoneum?
Abdominal cavity
88
What abdominopelvic cavity contains portion of large intestine, urinary bladder, reproductive organs and rectum?
Pelvic cavity
89
What kind of membrane covers the outside of organs and the walls of body cavities?
Serous membrane
90
What is the parietal layer of serous membrane?
Adheres to wall of body cavity
91
What is the visceral layer of serous membrane?
Adheres to outside of organ
92
What serous membrane surround the pleural cavity and the lungs?
Pleura
93
What serous membrane surrounds the pericardial cavity and the heart?
Pericardium
94
What serous membrane surrounds the abdominal cavity and the abdominal organs?
Peritoneum
95
```
X-rays passing through the body onto film
• Fewer rays pass through dense structures
to reach film and show up lighter
• Denser structures (bones) = lighter
color, Less dense (spaces) = black
• Everything will be shades of gray
• Low radiation
• Low cost
```
Radiography
96
```
Computer assisted radiography in which
x-rays are directed in many different
angles around a section of the body
• Visualizes soft tissues
• Creates flat slices through the body
• Like X-ray denser structure = lighter
color
• Uses radiation
• Higher cost
```
Computerized Tomography
97
Visualizes structures by recording pulses of
ultrasonic waves bouncing off tissues
• Cross sectional image viewed in real time
• Can demonstrate movement
• Doppler ultrasonography can detect velocity of
moving object – can be used for blood blood
flow
• Low cost
• No radiation
• Portable
Ultrasonography
98
```
• The machine uses a large magnet
and a computer to take pictures of the
inside of your body. Each picture or
"slice" shows only a few layers of body
tissue at a time. The pictures can then
be examined on a computer monitor
• Similar to CT images but better for
tissue differentiation
• No radiation
• High cost
```
MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging
99
```
Body is injected with radioactive
isotopes - decay quickly, positrons are
released
• Areas with high number of positrons
are more active
• Good for showing high rates of activity:
oxygen consumption, metabolism (FDGfluorodeoxyglucose)
• High cost
• Higher radiation
• Lower resolution than fMRI
```
Nuclear Imaging
