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chapter 49 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a nerve net?

A

interconnected neurons in most cnidarians

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2
Q

what are sponges?

A

very simple, lack organized nervous systems

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3
Q

what are nerves?

A

neurons bundled together

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4
Q

what is cephalization?

A

organization of nerves to the head, in bilaterally symmetrical animals

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5
Q

what are ganglia?

A

segmentally arranged neurons

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6
Q

how does the nervous system organization usually correlate with lifestyle?

A

noncomplex organisms usually have a noncomplex nervous system and vice versa

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7
Q

what is the cerebrospsinal fluid?

A

circulates slowly through the ventricles and central canal and drains into the veins, supplying the CNS with nutriments and hormones and carrying away wastes

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8
Q

what is gray matter?

A

made up of neuron cell bodies

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9
Q

what is white matter?

A

bundled axons

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10
Q

what does the spinal cord do?

A

conveys information to and from the brain and generates basic pattern of locomotion

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11
Q

what is a reflex?

A

the body’s automatic response to certain stimuli

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12
Q

study grpah of PNS

A

okay

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13
Q

the parasympathetic division and sympathetic usually work against each other except in

A

the reproductive system

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14
Q

what does the parasympathetic system usually control?

A

rest and relax

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15
Q

what does the sympathetic system usually control?

A

fight or flight

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16
Q

what are the 3 regions of the vertebrate brain?

A

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

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17
Q

what is the forebrain in charge of?

A

learning+processing

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18
Q

what is the midbrain in charge of?

A

coordination of activities

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19
Q

what is the hindbrain in charge of?

A

involuntary movements

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20
Q

what kinda weird about the left and right brain?

A

they process information that comes in from the other side

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21
Q

what does the brain stem control?

A

visual reflex involuntary functions body movement

22
Q

what does the epithealamus control?

A

sleep cycles and melatonin

23
Q

what does the thalamus control?

A

biological clock, regulates pituitary galdn

24
Q

what does the cerebellum control?

A

balance and learning motor kill

25
Q

what is arousal?

A

state of awareness f ooutside environment

26
Q

what is sleep?

A

received stimuli but we dont do anything

27
Q

what is the reticular formation?

A

cluster of neurons partially filtering sensory input blocks old things and lets new things nter to learn

28
Q

whats up with sleeping dolphins?

A

one side of the brain stays awake to look out for predators. right brain is awake so left fin is out and right fin is down.

29
Q

what is the biological clock synchorized to?

A

light and dark cycles

30
Q

where do we generate and experience emotions?

A

amygdala, hippocampus, and parts of thalamus

31
Q

what part of the brain is most important for memory?

A

amygdala

32
Q

why are the amygdala, hippocampus, and parts of thalamus called the limbic system?

A

they border the brain stem

33
Q

emotions are stored as

A

memories

34
Q

what are sematosensory receptors?

A

provide information about touch pain pressure temp and position

35
Q

what is broca’s area in the frontal love responsible for?

A

understand language but can’t speak

36
Q

what is wernicke’s area responsible for?

A

can speak but cant understand it

37
Q

what is the left hemisphere responsible for?

A

math and logic

38
Q

what is the right hemisphere responsible for?

A

spatial relations, nonverbal thinking

39
Q

what is lateralization?

A

the establishment of the differences in hemisphere function

40
Q

what role does the corpus callosum play in the trreatment of epilepsy?

A

hemispheres are connected through the corpus callosum and as a last resort it is severed for epilepsy. hemispheres function independently

41
Q

what happens when the frontal lobe is damaged?

A

bad decisions, emotions erratic

42
Q

what is a frontal lobotomy?

A

severs connection between the prefrontal cortex and limbic system

43
Q

what is neuronal plasticity?

A

the capacity for the nervous system to be remodeled, usually in response to its own activity, occurs at synapses

44
Q

what is autism?

A

development disorder in synapses remodeling

45
Q

why is autism on the rise?

A

we are able to diagnose it better due to awareness

46
Q

what is short-term memory?

A

hold information and release it if its irrelevant, temporary links in the hippocampus

47
Q

what is long term memory?

A

links are replaced with connections in the cerebral cortex

48
Q

what is schizophrenia?

A

distorted perception of reality

49
Q

what is major depressive disorder?

A

enjoyable activities are not longer interesting or provoking

50
Q

what is bipolar disorder?

A

extreme mood swings

51
Q

what is alzheimers disease?

A

mental deterioration, caused by plaques in the brain. symptoms include confusion, memory loss,.

52
Q

what is parkinsons disease?

A

motor disorder

death of neurons in the midbrain

bio 213 (19 decks)

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