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chapter 38 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the receptacle?

A

holds the flower up

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2
Q

what are sepals?

A

green part on the bottom, protects flowers, all together are called calyx

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3
Q

what are petals?

A

modified leaves, attracts pollinators, all together are called corolla

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4
Q

what is the stamen?

A

the male parts of the flower, comprised of anther and filament

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5
Q

what is a filament?

A

holds the anther up

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6
Q

what is a anther?

A

location of pollen

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7
Q

what is the carpal?

A

female parts of the lower, comprised of stigma, style, and ovary

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8
Q

what is a stigma?

A

sticky so pollen can stick to it

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9
Q

what is a style?

A

leads to ovary

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10
Q

what is an ovary?

A

encloses young seeds

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11
Q

what is a complete flower?

A

it contains all of the floral parts, both female and male parts

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12
Q

what is an incomplete flower?

A

have either female or male parts

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13
Q

what does monoecious mean?

A

one plant has both female and male parts

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14
Q

what does diecious mean?

A

two separate plants house each flower type

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15
Q

why is cross pollination preferred?

A

it increases the gene pool

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16
Q

how can cross pollination occur?

A

wind water and animals

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17
Q

why must wind-pollinated release large amounts of pollen?

A

to increase the chances that it’ll fertilize something

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18
Q

why aren’t wind-pollinated plants colorful, fancy, or yummy?

A

there’s no need to attract organisms to it

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19
Q

why does pollen occur in the spring?

A

the leaves are off the trees and so there’s an increased chance of pollination

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20
Q

why must bee-pollinated plants have a sweet fragrance and are brightly colored?

A

they need to attract pollinators

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21
Q

why are moths and bats attracted to white or yellow flowers?

A

they show up better in the moonlight

22
Q

why are birds attracted to color and not scent?

A

birds have an underdeveloped smell

23
Q

what is co-evolution?

A

the joint evolution of interacting species in response to selection imposed by each other (long ass moth tongue and deep pollen sac)

24
Q

what is the function of the endosperm?

A

protects and provide nutrients for embryo

25
Q

what is a seed coat?

A

a hard protective surrounding that encloses the embryo and food supply

26
Q

why does the seed enter a state of dormancy?

A

the seeds needs to have the right environment to grow

27
Q

what does a cotyledons do?

A

for nutrition in other eudicots

28
Q

how is seed dormancy maintained?

A

exclusion of water, mechanical restraint by seed coat, and chemical inhibition of embryo

29
Q

how is seed dormancy broken?

A

adding water, abrading seed coats extrenally or in digestive tracts of animals, softening seed coats by soil microogranisms, removing seed coats by fire, leacing of the chemical inhibitors

30
Q

what is hypocotyl?

A

it lifts the seed out of soil

31
Q

what is radicle?

A

becomes the main root

32
Q

what is the coleoptile?

A

protective structure that allows leaves to grow

33
Q

what does germination depend on?

A

imbibtion, diffusion where an absorption of water causes and increase in growth

34
Q

what is fruit?

A

the ovary, protects the enclosed seeds and aids in seed dispersal by wind or animals

35
Q

what are the two types of fruit?

A

dry fruit, ovrary wall dries out

fleshy fruits, when it doesnt LOL

36
Q

what are some simple fruits? (single ovary)

A

lemons, peas

37
Q

what are aggregate fruits? (multiple ovarys)

A

blackberry, raspberry

38
Q

what are multiple fruits? (cluster of fruiting ovarys)

A

figs, pineapple

39
Q

what are the dis/advantages of sexual reproduction?

A

increased gene pool, not being able to find a mate

40
Q

what are the dis/advantages of asexual reproduction?

A

dont have to find mate, small gene pool

41
Q

what is fragmentation?

A

separation of a parent plant that develop into whole plants

42
Q

why is it hard for dicieous plants to self-fertilize?

A

they are on separate plants

43
Q

what is self-incompatibility?

A

a plant’s ability to reject its own pollen

44
Q

what is the general meaning of plant biotech?

A

refers to innovation in the use of plants to make useful products

45
Q

what is the specific meaning of plant biotech?

A

refers to the use of GM organisms in agriculture and industry

46
Q

what does transgenic mean?

A

organisms are those that have been engineered to express a gene from another species

47
Q

what is the BT toxin?

A

adds pext toxins therefore no pesticide needed

48
Q

what is biomass?

A

the total mass of organic matter in a group of organism

49
Q

what is biofuels?

A

fuels derived from biomass

50
Q

what are some issues about GMs?

A

chemicals could harm humans and plant can become a super-weed

51
Q

what is double fertilization?

A

egg and sperm meet and then sperm goes to 2 polar nuclei to form the endosperm

bio 213 (19 decks)

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