Chapter 41: Animal nutrition Flashcards
herbivores
eat plants/algae
carnivores
eat other animals
omnivores
eat both other animals and plants/algae
ingestion
eating/ putting food in your mouth
digestion
break down food to usable molecule
enzymatic hydrolysis
digestive enzymes break chemical bonds; produce water and monomers
absorption
cells take up digestive products
elimination
removal of unassimilated waste
bulk feeders
eat large pieces of food
fluid feeders
eat other organisms’ body fluid
filter feeders
filter particles from water
substrate feeders
live in/on their food
intracellular digestion
phagocytosis captures small food particles in a vacuole; digested within cell
gastrovascular cavity
functions for digestion and circulation
extracellular digestion
gastrodermis secretes enzymes
alimentary canal
complete, one-way gut; efficient sequential food processing
digestive system
sequential arrangement of specialized segments and accessory glands
peristalsis
waves of smooth muscle contraction that move food along
sphincters
muscular closures that isolate some segments of the digestive tract
mouth
oral cavity; mechanical digestion by chewing
salivary glands
stimulated by presence of food; amylase and mucin
amylase
enzyme that hydrolyzes starch and glycogen
tongue
determines food from not-food; processes and manipulates food to create bolus and move it back for swallowing
pharynx
opens to 2 passages: trachea and esophagus
epiglottis
cartilage flap that closes trachea during swallowing
esophagus
connects the oral cavity to the stomach
striated muscle (ingestion)
upper part of esophagus; voluntary swallowing
smooth muscle (ingestion)
lower part of esophagus; involuntary peristalsis