Chapter 29: Plant Diversity p.1

Question 1

Closest living relative

Answer 1

Charophytes

Question 2

Shared ancestral characters with charophytes

Answer 2

1. circular protein rings in plasma membrane to synthesize cellulose
2. flagellated sperm
3. sporopollenin

Question 3

Traits that support life on land

Answer 3

waxy cuticle, stomata, mycorrhizal associations, secondary compounds

Question 4

Key events in plant history

Answer 4

1. multicellularity
2. invasion of land
3. evolution of vascular tissue
4. appearance of seed plants
5. evolution of flowers

Question 5

Derived traits of plants

Answer 5

1. alternation of generations
2. sporopollenin-walled spores made in sporangia
3. multicellular sporangia
4. apical meristems

Question 6

Bryophyte clades

Answer 6

Liverworts
Mosses
Hornworts

Question 7

Bryophyte traits

Answer 7

“carpets” rather than branches
dominant gametophyte
prominant sporophyte

Question 8

Protonemata

Answer 8

germinated spore that produces gametophores

Question 9

Rhizoid

Answer 9

anchor of gametophyte (different from roots)

Question 10

gametangia

Answer 10

where gametes are formed; separate male and female

Question 11

archegonia

Answer 11

female gametangia; produces eggs

Question 12

antheridia

Answer 12

male gametangia; produces sperm

Question 13

Fertilization of bryophytes

Answer 13

sperm must swim through water to fertilize eggs, limiting mosses to moist habitats

Question 14

Sporangium

Answer 14

sporophyte capsule

Question 15

Seta

Answer 15

sporophyte stalk

Question 16

Peristome

Answer 16

opens the sporangium to release spores

Question 17

Sporophytes

Answer 17

produce spores by meiosis (2n)

Question 18

Spores

Answer 18

develop into gametophyte (n)

Question 19

Gametophytes

Answer 19

produce gametes by mitosis (n)

Question 20

Gametes

Answer 20

fuse to produce sporophytes (n)

Question 21

Seedless vascular clades

Answer 21

Lycophyta
Pterophyta

Question 22

Vascular tissue

Answer 22

specialized cells that transport water, nutrients, etc.

Question 23

xylem

Answer 23

transport water and minerals; lignified, dead cells

Question 24

phloem

Answer 24

transport organic molecules; alive

Question 25

roots

Answer 25

organs to absorb water and nutrients; anchor

Question 26

leaves

Answer 26

increase surface area for photosynthesis

Question 27

microphyll

Answer 27

small, spine-shaped leaves with unbranched vasculature

Question 28

macrophyll

Answer 28

highly branched vasculature

Question 29

sporophyte (vascular)

Answer 29

dominant in vascular life cycle

Question 30

sporophyll

Answer 30

modified leaves with sporangia

Question 31

sori

Answer 31

clusters of sporangia on underside of fern sporophylls

Question 32

strobilli

Answer 32

clumps of sporophylls on cone-like structures

Question 33

carpels and stamens

Answer 33

sporophylls of angiosperm

Question 34

homosporous

Answer 34

bisexual gametophyte

Question 35

heterosporous

Answer 35

two types of sporophylls

Question 36

megaspore

Answer 36

female gametophyte

Question 37

microspore

Answer 37

male gametophyte