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Bio 116 > Chapter 29: Plant Diversity p.1 > Flashcards

Chapter 29: Plant Diversity p.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Closest living relative

A

Charophytes

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2
Q

Shared ancestral characters with charophytes

A
  1. circular protein rings in plasma membrane to synthesize cellulose
  2. flagellated sperm
  3. sporopollenin
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3
Q

Traits that support life on land

A

waxy cuticle, stomata, mycorrhizal associations, secondary compounds

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4
Q

Key events in plant history

A
  1. multicellularity
  2. invasion of land
  3. evolution of vascular tissue
  4. appearance of seed plants
  5. evolution of flowers
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5
Q

Derived traits of plants

A
  1. alternation of generations
  2. sporopollenin-walled spores made in sporangia
  3. multicellular sporangia
  4. apical meristems
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6
Q

Bryophyte clades

A

Liverworts
Mosses
Hornworts

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7
Q

Bryophyte traits

A

“carpets” rather than branches
dominant gametophyte
prominant sporophyte

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8
Q

Protonemata

A

germinated spore that produces gametophores

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9
Q

Rhizoid

A

anchor of gametophyte (different from roots)

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10
Q

gametangia

A

where gametes are formed; separate male and female

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11
Q

archegonia

A

female gametangia; produces eggs

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12
Q

antheridia

A

male gametangia; produces sperm

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13
Q

Fertilization of bryophytes

A

sperm must swim through water to fertilize eggs, limiting mosses to moist habitats

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14
Q

Sporangium

A

sporophyte capsule

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15
Q

Seta

A

sporophyte stalk

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16
Q

Peristome

A

opens the sporangium to release spores

17
Q

Sporophytes

A

produce spores by meiosis (2n)

18
Q

Spores

A

develop into gametophyte (n)

19
Q

Gametophytes

A

produce gametes by mitosis (n)

20
Q

Gametes

A

fuse to produce sporophytes (n)

21
Q

Seedless vascular clades

A

Lycophyta
Pterophyta

22
Q

Vascular tissue

A

specialized cells that transport water, nutrients, etc.

23
Q

xylem

A

transport water and minerals; lignified, dead cells

24
Q

phloem

A

transport organic molecules; alive

25
Q

roots

A

organs to absorb water and nutrients; anchor

26
Q

leaves

A

increase surface area for photosynthesis

27
Q

microphyll

A

small, spine-shaped leaves with unbranched vasculature

28
Q

macrophyll

A

highly branched vasculature

29
Q

sporophyte (vascular)

A

dominant in vascular life cycle

30
Q

sporophyll

A

modified leaves with sporangia

31
Q

sori

A

clusters of sporangia on underside of fern sporophylls

32
Q

strobilli

A

clumps of sporophylls on cone-like structures

33
Q

carpels and stamens

A

sporophylls of angiosperm

34
Q

homosporous

A

bisexual gametophyte

35
Q

heterosporous

A

two types of sporophylls

36
Q

megaspore

A

female gametophyte

37
Q

microspore

A

male gametophyte

Bio 116 (24 decks)

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