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Bio 116 > Chapter 33: Invertebrates > Flashcards

Chapter 33: Invertebrates Flashcards

1
Q

main subclades of bilateria

A

protostomes and deuterostomes

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2
Q

main groups of protosomes

A

lophotrochozoa and ecdysozoa

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3
Q

lophotrochozoa

A

molluscs, annelids, flatworms, ectoprocts, trachiopods

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4
Q

ecdysozoa

A

arthropods, nematodes

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5
Q

invertebrates

A

animals that lack a backbone, account for over 95% of known animal species; morphologically diverse

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6
Q

porifera

A

sponges; least complex animals with no true tissues. Sister group to all other animals

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7
Q

hermaphrodites

A

same individual makes sperm and eggs

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8
Q

sponge sexual reproduction

A

spawn sperm to water, captured in another’s water current, captured by choanocytes

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9
Q

ostia

A

small pores of sponge that lead to spongocoel

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10
Q

spongocoel

A

big open internal space in sponges

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11
Q

osculum

A

big top opening in sponges

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12
Q

choanocytes

A

spongocoel lined by flagellated collar cells

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13
Q

feeding method of sponges

A

suspension feeders; filter/capture food particles from the water, captured by choanocytes

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14
Q

mesohyl

A

separation between inner and outer layer of cells of sponges

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15
Q

spongin

A

like collagen, may make up a proteinaceous skeleton for sponges

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16
Q

amoebocytes

A

move food around in sponges

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17
Q

cnidaria

A

“fancy gastrula”; radially symmetrical diploblasts with a gastrovascular cavity

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18
Q

gastrovascular cavity

A

mouth but no anus

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19
Q

alternation of generations

A

alternation of sexual and asexual generations; different taxa emphasize different phases

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20
Q

medusa phase

A

mouth-down, swimming, sexual stage (cnidaria)

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21
Q

polyp phase

A

mouth-up, sedentary, asexual stage (cnidaria)

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22
Q

cnidocytes

A

stinging cells of cnidaria

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23
Q

nematocyst

A

stinging organelle of cnidarias

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24
Q

lack of mesoderm implications

A

no true muscles; weak, contractile cells

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25
Q

hydrozoa, anthozoa, scyphozoa, cubozoa, staurozoa

A

diversity of cnidaria

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26
Q

bilateria

A

bilateral symmetry, have a head, triplobastic

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27
Q

protostomes

A

solid masses of mesoderm form, expand to filled blastocoel

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28
Q

deuterostomes

A

mesoderm buds of endoderm of archenteron

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29
Q

trochophore phylum

A

platyhelminthes: flatworms
annelida: segmented worms
mollusca: mollusks

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30
Q

lophophore phylum

A

ectoprocta: bryozoans
brachiopoda: lamp shells

31
Q

phylum neither lophophore nor trochophore

A

rotifera: rotifers “wheel animals”

32
Q

platyhelminthes

A

free-living and parasitic flatworms

33
Q

flatworms

A

long and flat acoelomates; mainly parasites. Gastrovascular cavity that serves for circulation

34
Q

protonephridia

A

maintain osmotic balance in platyhelminthes with cells called flame bulbs

35
Q

sexual reproduction of platyhelminthes

A

most hermaphrodites; also capable of asexual reproduction

36
Q

turbellaria, monogenea, trematoda, cestoda

A

classes of flatworms

37
Q

annelids

A

segmented coelomate worms

38
Q

septa

A

divides coelomic spaces in annelids

39
Q

segments

A

repeating parts with organs that make up annelids

40
Q

sexual characteristic of annelids

A

some hermaphrodites, some gonochoristic (separate sexes)

41
Q

polychaeta, oligochaeta, hirudinea

A

classes of annelids

42
Q

polyplacophora, gastropoda, bivalvia, cephalopoda

A

classes of mollusca

43
Q

shell (mollusca)

A

calcium carbonate exoskeleton; missing in some mollusca

44
Q

mantle

A

dorsal epidermis of mollusca

45
Q

radula

A

toothed tongue-like organ; used for feeding (except in bivalves) in mollusca

46
Q

foot

A

used for crawling or burrowing of mollusca

47
Q

visceral mass

A

concentrated organs of mollusca

48
Q

mantle cavity

A

space under mantle, behind visceral mass of mollusca

49
Q

sexual characteristics of mollusca

A

gonochoristic

50
Q

phylum of lophotrochozoa

A

ectoprocta and brachiopods

51
Q

lophophorates

A

have lophophora for suspension feeding; traditionally grouped with the other deuterostomes

52
Q

ecdysozoa

A

all taxa molt their outer covering; grouped by molecular phylogenetics

53
Q

ecdysozoa phylum

A

arthropoda and nematoda

54
Q

exoskeleton

A

cover arthropods; provides points for muscle attachment

55
Q

cuticle

A

nonliving, organic layer of arthropods made of protein and chitin that covers the epidermis

56
Q

segmentation of arthropods

A

each segment has a pair of jointed appendages that are diversified for different functions

57
Q

specialized structures for gas exchange (arthropods)

A

gills in aquatic taxa; book lungs or trachea in terrestrial taxa

58
Q

ecdysis

A

molting of exoskeleton in arthropods to allow growth

59
Q

sexual characteristics of arthropods

A

gonochoristic

60
Q

chelicerata (arthropod)

A

arachnids, horseshoe crabs, sea spiders

61
Q

myriapoda

A

centipedes and millipedes

62
Q

pancrustacea

A

crustaceans, decapods, isopods, copepods, hexapoda

63
Q

insects

A

most species on earth; dominate land

64
Q

incomplete metamorphosis

A

undergo a series of molts as they grow; acquire wings and become sexually mature at the final molt

65
Q

complete metamorphosis

A

have larval stages that look very different from the adult stage

66
Q

nematodes

A

long, cylindrical and unsegmented worms; pseudocoelomates

67
Q

deuterostomia

A

taxa with deuterostome development

68
Q

deuterostomia phylum

A

echinodermata and chordata

69
Q

echinoderms symmetry

A

quasi-radial symmetry; bilateral larvae

70
Q

tube feet (echinoderms)

A

part of unique water vascular system that function in locomotion and feeding

71
Q

sexual reproduction of echinoderms

A

asexual regeneration and sexual broadcast spawning reproduction

72
Q

asteroidea, ophiuroidea, echinoidea, crinoidea, holothuroidea

A

classes of echinodermata

73
Q

chordata

A

vertebrates and two groups of invertebrates (lancelets and tunicates); bilaterally symmetrical coelomates with segmented bodies

Bio 116 (24 decks)

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