Chapter 4 Part 2 Flashcards
Motor neuron disorder categorized as the withering of upper and lower motor neurons
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
What is the cause of intellectual disability?
Hypomyelination, dendritic spine differences (fewer, long, thin)
Non-cancerous
Benign
Cancerous
Malignant
Cancer that has spread to another part of the body
Metastatic
Autoimmune disorder of unknown cause, myelin around axon is damaged; multiple scarring of white matter in the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves; brain can shrink with this disease
Multiple sclerosis
Neurological disease of the mineral junction category, ACh receptors are blocked by the body’s antibodies, main symptoms are weakness and fatigue
Myasthenia gravis
Autoimmune disease caused by rapid, progressive demyelination of the PNS; progressive paralysis over 1 month, but then patient begins to recover over weeks/months
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Action potentials are due to what 2 things?
Concentration gradient, charge (electrical gradient)
During a resting membrane potential, there are more ____ on the inside
Potassium
During a resting membrane potential, there are more ___ on the outside
Sodium
___ helps to make a -70mV charge
Chlorine
The equaling of the gradients (both electrical & concentration)
Depolarization
The re-establishing of the gradients (both electrical & concentration) by the Na/K pump (active transport)
Repolarization
neuron will respond to new, but only very strong stimulation
Relative refractory period
Na+ channels inactivated, so new stimulation has no effect on neuron
Absolute refractory period
What causes the scarring in multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Constant inflammation of the myelin sheath over time
___ matter are the cell bodies in the brain
Gray
____ matter is the myelin covering the axons in the brain
White
Guillan Barre symptoms move from ____ to ____ while recovering moves from ____ to ____
Distal to proximal, proximal to distal
