Chapter 4 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Motor neuron disorder categorized as the withering of upper and lower motor neurons

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

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2
Q

What is the cause of intellectual disability?

A

Hypomyelination, dendritic spine differences (fewer, long, thin)

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3
Q

Non-cancerous

A

Benign

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4
Q

Cancerous

A

Malignant

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5
Q

Cancer that has spread to another part of the body

A

Metastatic

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6
Q

Autoimmune disorder of unknown cause, myelin around axon is damaged; multiple scarring of white matter in the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves; brain can shrink with this disease

A

Multiple sclerosis

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7
Q

Neurological disease of the mineral junction category, ACh receptors are blocked by the body’s antibodies, main symptoms are weakness and fatigue

A

Myasthenia gravis

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8
Q

Autoimmune disease caused by rapid, progressive demyelination of the PNS; progressive paralysis over 1 month, but then patient begins to recover over weeks/months

A

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

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9
Q

Action potentials are due to what 2 things?

A

Concentration gradient, charge (electrical gradient)

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10
Q

During a resting membrane potential, there are more ____ on the inside

A

Potassium

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11
Q

During a resting membrane potential, there are more ___ on the outside

A

Sodium

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12
Q

___ helps to make a -70mV charge

A

Chlorine

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13
Q

The equaling of the gradients (both electrical & concentration)

A

Depolarization

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14
Q

The re-establishing of the gradients (both electrical & concentration) by the Na/K pump (active transport)

A

Repolarization

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15
Q

neuron will respond to new, but only very strong stimulation

A

Relative refractory period

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16
Q

Na+ channels inactivated, so new stimulation has no effect on neuron

A

Absolute refractory period

17
Q

What causes the scarring in multiple sclerosis (MS)?

A

Constant inflammation of the myelin sheath over time

18
Q

___ matter are the cell bodies in the brain

A

Gray

19
Q

____ matter is the myelin covering the axons in the brain

A

White

20
Q

Guillan Barre symptoms move from ____ to ____ while recovering moves from ____ to ____

A

Distal to proximal, proximal to distal