Chapter 13 Part 5

Question 1

About ___ of dysphasic patients aspirate without any signs (i.e., no cough)

Answer 1

1/3

Question 2

What can suppress a cough response?

Answer 2

Neurological damage

Question 3

Passage of food into the larynx but above the vocal cords

Answer 3

Laryngeal penetration

Question 4

What are some neurological causes of dysphagia?

Answer 4

Stroke, TBI, spinal cord injury, degenerative disease, brain tumor

Question 5

80% of dysphagia is caused by this type of spinal cord injury

Answer 5

Cervical

Question 6

What are some mechanical causes of dysphagia?

Answer 6

acute inflammation, cancer, cervical spine disease, NG tubes, artificial airways

Question 7

Dysphagia can cause what 3 things?

Answer 7

Dehydration, malnutrition, aspiration pneumonia

Question 8

__ or more of these predictors of long-term dysphagia have a poor prognosis for oral intake

Answer 8

4

Question 9

What are some predictors for long-term dysphagia?

Answer 9

Dysphonia, dysarthria, abnormal gag reflex, abnormal cough, cough after swallow, voice change after swallow

Question 10

What are some poor prognostic factors for individuals with TBI

Answer 10

Low Ranchos Los Amigos scores, tracheostomy tube replacement, aphonia

Question 11

Difficulty in speaking

Answer 11

Dysphonia

Question 12

Loss of ability to speak

Answer 12

Aphonia

Question 13

If a patient has neurological damage, how can it affect the oral prep phase (2)?

Answer 13

Difficulty chewing, poor labial seal

Question 14

If a patient has neurological damage, how can it affect the oral stage (3)?

Answer 14

Difficult forming bolus, pocketing, difficulty moving bolus backwards in mouth

Question 15

Food remaining in mouth

Answer 15

Pocketing

Question 16

If a patient has neurological damage, how can it affect the pharyngeal phase (3)?

Answer 16

Swallow delay, swallow absence, pooling of bolus

Question 17

If a patient has neurological damage, how can it affect the esophageal phase?

Answer 17

Bolus staying in esophagus

Question 18

Lack of peristaltic waves that causes bolus to stay in esophagus?

Answer 18

Dysmotility

Question 19

What are 2 types of evaluations we use for swallowing?

Answer 19

Swallow screen, clinical bedside swallow evaluation

Question 20

What are 2 types of instrumental evaluations we use for swallowing?

Answer 20

VFSS, FEES