Chapter 4 - Ideology

Question 1

Define the term ideology

Answer 1

The coherent set of ideas and beliefs that guides a party’s actions

Question 2

What is the traditional ideology of the Labour Party?

Answer 2

Socialist

Question 3

Define the term policy

Answer 3

The proposed or actual strategy aimed at addressing a particular issue

Question 4

Order the political spectrum from left to right in terms of ideology

Answer 4

Communism, Socialism, Liberalism, Conservatism, Fascism

Question 5

Define the term political spectrum

Answer 5

A device by which different political standpoints can be mapped relating to one another

Question 6

Define authoritarian

Answer 6

Any approach that favours strict rule and obedience to the state

Question 7

Define Libertarian

Answer 7

Any approach that favours civil rights above the authority of the state. Society is believed to operate best with minimum state interference

Question 8

Define Paternalism

Answer 8

Where power and authority are held centrally, ,but the state acts benevolently, caring for the neediest

Question 9

Define One Nation Conservatism

Answer 9

Rooted in pragmatism with belief in gradual improvement. Favoured pluralism and social inclusion. Paternalist

Question 10

Define Conservatism

Answer 10

A loose ideology focusing on maintaining the status quo ‘evolution not revolution’

Question 11

Define Monetarism

Answer 11

An economic theory advocating controlling the money supply as a means of keeping inflation in check

Question 12

Define Adversarial Politics

Answer 12

The instinctive antagonism between the main Westminster parties. First used by S.E. Finer

Question 13

What was the Postwar Consensus?

Answer 13

An agreement between the Labour and Conservative parties to have broadly similar policies concerning domestic and foreign affairs. Co-operation over Keynesian economics and the welfare state.

Question 14

Define Keynesian Economics

Answer 14

A mixed economy

Question 15

Explain Neo-Liberalism

Answer 15

A political ideology closely linked to classical liberalism, focusing on the free market, individual rights and limited government

Question 16

Define Thatcherism

Answer 16

Neo-Liberal ideas, conservative and traditional approach to social policy. Deregulation in business, privatization, limits on TU, ‘rolling back the frontiers’, limited welfare, sovereignty emphasis. Dogmatic

Question 17

Name the 3 broad ideological strands in the Conservative Party

Answer 17

One nation, Thatcherites, Post Thatcherites

Question 18

EGs of One Nation Conservatives

Answer 18

Kenneth Clarke, Nicholas Soames

Question 19

EGs of Thatcherites

Answer 19

John Redwood, Liam Fox, (David Cameron)

Question 20

EGs of Post Thatcherites

Answer 20

Boris Johnson, Ian Duncan-Smith

Question 21

Define Socialism

Answer 21

A political ideology advocating greater equality and redistribution of wealth

Question 22

Distinguish between revisionist/reformist socialism and revolutionary socialism

Answer 22

Revisionist: Improve capitalism,
Revolutionary: Remove capitalism

Question 23

Define Social Democracy

Answer 23

A political ideology that accepts capitalism while advocating a more equitable distribution of wealth

Question 24

When was the Labour Party constitution?

Answer 24

1918

Question 25

Which Labour leader produced one of the party’s most left wing manifestos ever, dubbed ‘the longest suicide note in history’ by Gerald Kaufman?

Answer 25

Michael Foot

Question 26

Define New Labour

Answer 26

The new, central, catch all party brought about by Blair in 1997, with less powerful TUs, characterized by triangulation

Question 27

Define Triangulation

Answer 27

Process of melding core Labour principles with lessons learned from Thatcherism

Question 28

Define the concept of the Third Way

Answer 28

An ideological position said to exist between conventional socialism and mainstream capitalism, closely associated with Blair and NL

Question 29

Define Social Justice

Answer 29

The goal of greater equality of outcome, as opposed to equal oppurtunity

Question 30

Who were the Gang of Four?

Answer 30

The 4 former Labour cabinet ministers who left the party in 1981 to form the Social Democratic Party (Rodgers, Jenkins, Williams, Owen)

Question 31

When did the SDP-Liberal alliance take place?

Answer 31

1983

Question 32

Define Liberalism

Answer 32

A political ideology associated with ideas of personal liberty, toleration and limited government. Emphasis on the individual

Question 33

Define progressive liberalism

Answer 33

A more progressive form of liberalism, helps to regulate the market and provide basic welfare. Advanced by Green and Hobhouse