Chapter 11 - Development of the EU Flashcards
Who were the 6 original states of the European Coal and Steel Community?
France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg
Define the term supranational
Where nation states transfer sovereignty to institutions which have their own independent authority to create laws that take precedence over national laws
When was the treaty of Rome?
1957
What did the Treaty of Rome establish?
The European Economic Community
Define integration
The process of coordinating the activities of different states through common institutions and policies
Which French President slowed integration, including blocking the UK from joining the EEC twice, in the 1960s?
Charles de Gaulle
When was the Single European Act? What did it do?
1985- created a single European market (reviving integration). Removed physical, technical and fiscal barriers,
Define the term Economic and Monetary Union
The creation of a single currency, central bank and common monetary policy
When was the Maastricht Treaty? What did it do?
- Created EU, Economic and Monetary Union, introduced the principle of subsidiarity
When the EU was first formed, what were it’s 3 key columns?
EC, Common Foreign and Security Policy and Justice and Home Affairs
Define an opt out
An exemption negotiated by a state, and set out in a treaty or law, which means that it does not have to take part in specific policy
When did the UK join the EEC (Same time as Ireland and Denmark):?
1973
Define enlargement
The expansion of the EU to include new member states
Which main three areas have seen development in the EU since 1991?
EMU
Eastward enlargement
Treaty reform
How many states are currently EU members? How many are members of the Eurozone?
28 and 19
Name 2 eastern states which have joined the EU since 1991
Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Hungary, Estonia and Bulgaria
When was the Amsterdam Treaty? What did it do?
1997, it transferred many policies from the intergovernmental Justice and Home Affairs pillar to a supranational ‘area of freedom, security and justice’
When was the Nice Treaty? What did it do?
2001, created a European Security and Defence Policy under which the EU would develop a common defence policy
What was the Constitutional Treaty?
A treaty establishing a constitution for Europe (signed in 2004 but referendums for no in France and Netherlands stopped it going through)
When was the Lisbon Treaty? What did it do?
2007, Merged the pillars of the EU into one body, decided a QMV system
Set up full time president of the European Council
Set team presidency system of leadership for the Council of the EU
