Chapter 3.4 Lecture Flashcards
Prokaryote structure and function.
How many vegetative cells are produce by one endospore?
One
How manny endospores are produced by one vegetative cell?
One
Are endospores and vegetative cells reproductive?
No, because they for a repeating chain where one continually will form the other, but only in multiples of one, so their population can’t increase.
What can cause endospore germination?
Water, the presence of food, a short period of boiling can also cause germination.
What are some diseases caused by endospores?
Botulism, c-diff, tetanus, and gas gangrene.
What are the five things that can be found in bacterial cytoplasm?
Ribosomes, plasmids, nucleoids, inclusion bodies, chromosomes.
What is the structure of a ribosome? What is their function in bacteria?
Non-enveloped organelles made of protein and RNA. They come in 50Sand 30S subunits that combine to be 70S. (yes, it seems like it should be 80S, but it’s not) They make proteins using info from chromosomes and plasmids.
What are plasmids? What do they do?
They are small circles of DNA. They carry superhero DNA that helps the cell with resistance to antibiotics, toxins, and enzymes.
Define inclusion bodies. What is their structure and function?
They are essentially bacterial energy stores. They can also store gasses to make bacteria more or less buoyant.
Define cytoskeleton. What is it’s structure and function?
Semi-rigid structure that helps support and divide bacterial cells. They have actin filaments and microtubules. These influence how the peptidoglycan gets laid down in the cell wall, thus influencing cell shape.
What causes a vegetative bacteria to form an endospore?
Heat, cold, dry period, or lack of food.
What benefit does forming an endospore have for a bacterial cell?
It allows the cell to enter a hibernation-like state where it’s metabolism slows and it requires little to survive for long periods of time.
After endospore formation is complete, what happens to the vegetative cells DNA?
It is degraded.
What is germination?
When one endospore forms one vegetative spore.
