Ch. 8.4 The Catabolic Process of Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Define the first law of thermodynamics
Energy is not created or destroyed, it just changes forms.
Cellular respiration
A collection of reactions that extract energy from food using redox reactions and then transfer that energy in to the bonds of ATP.
Glycolysis
The first stage of aerobic and anaerobic carbohydrate catabolism.
What is the net gain of ATP during glycolysis?
Two ATP molecules, because glycolysis yields four molecules of ATP, but two are required to start the process.
What happens to pyruvic acid from glycolysis step of cellular respiration when it enters the intermediate phase?
Both molecules are covered int Acetyl-CoA (A two carbon molecule) and released carbon dioxide.
What does the Krebs cycle produce?
2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 and releases all carbons originally found in glucose.
What happens during decarboxylation reactions?
Carbon is released- this happens during the intermediate step of cellular respiration.
Where does the Krebs cycle occurs in different cell types?
Prokaryotes- the plasma membrane
Eukaryotes- in the matrix of the mitochondria.
Chemiosmosis
The flow of a proton gradient across a membrane. This process occurs in respiratory chains to drive the phosphorylation reactions that ultimately recharge ATP and ADP.
In eukaryotes, where are protons pumped to during the electron transport chain?
Pumped across the intermitocondrial membrane into the inter membrane space.
In prokaryotes, where are protons pumped to during the electron transport chain?
Pumped across the plasma membrane and the accumulate between the cell wall and the plasma membrane.
Where is ATP synthase found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes- the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Prokaryotes- plasma membrane
Define proton motive force
The accumulation of protons on one side of the membrane. This sets the stage for ATP synthase to recharge ADP to ATP.
What do aerobic electron transport chains reduce oxygen to?
Water
Where does fermentation occur?
The cytoplasm of the cell
