Ch. 2 Lecture Element Flashcards
What are carbohydrates used for? What are they converted into?
Used for energy and we built structural components out of it.
What kinds of energy do carbohydrates provide?
Short term storage: As ATP
Long term storage: Stored as glycogen in animals and cellulose and starch in plants.
What is the ration of carbohydrates with carbon to hydrogen to oxygen?
1-2-1
What does carbohydrate mean?
Hydrated carbon
What suffix helps describe and name carbohydrates?
-ose
What does monosaccharide mean?
Mono-one
saccharide- greek for sugar
How many chains are used in monosaccharides? How many carbons?
Single chains
5-6 carbons
How many monomers are connected in Oligosaccharides?
3-10
What are glycoproteins used for?
They are mucous
Used for lubrication, chemical barriers and other stuff
What do mucins control?
Mineralization in molluscs
Calcification in echinoderms
Bone formation in vertebrates
Used in the immune system response?
When speaking nutritionally, what are polysaccharides?
Grains
In a diet, what is cellulose referred to as?
Fiber
Nutritionally, what food are monosaccharides?
Fruits, berries, honey, vegetables
Nutritionally, what foods are disaccharides?
Table sugar, sugar beets, sugar cane, fruit, milk
Nutritionally, what foods are starch polysaccharides?
Cereal, whole grains, rice, pasta, potatoes, peas, corn, legumes.
Nutritionally, what foods are non-starch polysaccharides?
Dietary fiber- leafy greens
What is an example of non-soluble lipid?
Cholesterol
What are proteins made of?
Polypeptide chains
What is the main organic molecule we find in all living things?
Protein
What functions do proteins have?
Cell surface receptors
Enzymes
Transport molecules
Antibodies
How many amino acids are there that can be linked?
20
What is a group of two amino acids called?
Group of three?
Dipeptide
Tripeptide
What is the general structure of Amino Groups?
An amino group attached to a hydrogen, a carboxyl group, and the differentiating side group denoted by R via a central carbon.
What is the backbone of the amino acid?
The amino and carboxyl group with the central carbon. This structure is the same in all amino acids. The R group is the side chain that is specific to each Amino group.
What are the four main biological molecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Which is the larges molecule in the human body?
Nucleic acids
What are nucleic acids composed of?
What do they make up?
Composed of nucleotides.
Make up DNA and RNA.
What is the basic structure of a nucleotide?
A phosphate group bonded to a sugar and a nitrogen base.
What are the main differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA- uses the sugar deoxyribose. Its four bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
RNA- uses the sugar ribose. Its four bases are adenine, guanine, cytidine, uracil.
What are the three main nucleic acids?
DNA, RNA, and ATP
What is ATP made of?
Adenine, then a ribose, then three phosphate groups.
