Ch. 2 Lecture Element

Question 1

What are carbohydrates used for? What are they converted into?

Answer 1

Used for energy and we built structural components out of it.

Question 2

What kinds of energy do carbohydrates provide?

Answer 2

Short term storage: As ATP

Long term storage: Stored as glycogen in animals and cellulose and starch in plants.

Question 3

What is the ration of carbohydrates with carbon to hydrogen to oxygen?

Answer 3

1-2-1

Question 4

What does carbohydrate mean?

Answer 4

Hydrated carbon

Question 5

What suffix helps describe and name carbohydrates?

Answer 5

-ose

Question 6

What does monosaccharide mean?

Answer 6

Mono-one

saccharide- greek for sugar

Question 7

How many chains are used in monosaccharides? How many carbons?

Answer 7

Single chains

5-6 carbons

Question 8

How many monomers are connected in Oligosaccharides?

Answer 8

3-10

Question 9

What are glycoproteins used for?

Answer 9

They are mucous

Used for lubrication, chemical barriers and other stuff

Question 10

What do mucins control?

Answer 10

Mineralization in molluscs
Calcification in echinoderms
Bone formation in vertebrates
Used in the immune system response?

Question 11

When speaking nutritionally, what are polysaccharides?

Answer 11

Grains

Question 12

In a diet, what is cellulose referred to as?

Answer 12

Fiber

Question 13

Nutritionally, what food are monosaccharides?

Answer 13

Fruits, berries, honey, vegetables

Question 14

Nutritionally, what foods are disaccharides?

Answer 14

Table sugar, sugar beets, sugar cane, fruit, milk

Question 15

Nutritionally, what foods are starch polysaccharides?

Answer 15

Cereal, whole grains, rice, pasta, potatoes, peas, corn, legumes.

Question 16

Nutritionally, what foods are non-starch polysaccharides?

Answer 16

Dietary fiber- leafy greens

Question 17

What is an example of non-soluble lipid?

Answer 17

Cholesterol

Question 18

What are proteins made of?

Answer 18

Polypeptide chains

Question 19

What is the main organic molecule we find in all living things?

Answer 19

Protein

Question 20

What functions do proteins have?

Answer 20

Cell surface receptors
Enzymes
Transport molecules
Antibodies

Question 21

How many amino acids are there that can be linked?

Answer 21

20

Question 22

What is a group of two amino acids called?

Group of three?

Answer 22

Dipeptide

Tripeptide

Question 23

What is the general structure of Amino Groups?

Answer 23

An amino group attached to a hydrogen, a carboxyl group, and the differentiating side group denoted by R via a central carbon.

Question 24

What is the backbone of the amino acid?

Answer 24

The amino and carboxyl group with the central carbon. This structure is the same in all amino acids. The R group is the side chain that is specific to each Amino group.

Question 25

What are the four main biological molecules?

Answer 25

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Question 26

Which is the larges molecule in the human body?

Answer 26

Nucleic acids

Question 27

What are nucleic acids composed of?

What do they make up?

Answer 27

Composed of nucleotides.

Make up DNA and RNA.

Question 28

What is the basic structure of a nucleotide?

Answer 28

A phosphate group bonded to a sugar and a nitrogen base.

Question 29

What are the main differences between DNA and RNA?

Answer 29

DNA- uses the sugar deoxyribose. Its four bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
RNA- uses the sugar ribose. Its four bases are adenine, guanine, cytidine, uracil.

Question 30

What are the three main nucleic acids?

Answer 30

DNA, RNA, and ATP

Question 31

What is ATP made of?

Answer 31

Adenine, then a ribose, then three phosphate groups.