Ch. 5.1 Hereditary Basics

Question 1

Define genome

Answer 1

The entire collection of genetic material in a cell or virus (instructional manuals that determine all the possible features of a cell or virus)

Question 2

Define heritable

Answer 2

The ability of traits to be past down through generation.s

Question 3

Define gene

Answer 3

The heritable units of genetic material that identify a particular trait.

Question 4

Define genotype

Answer 4

Genetic makeup

Question 5

Define phenotype

Answer 5

The physiologic and physical traits of an organism

Question 6

What do all cells organize there genomes into?

Answer 6

Chromosomes

Question 7

Define histones

Answer 7

Organizational proteins that helps keep the DNA of eukaryotes from getting tangled.

Question 8

What is the benefit of plasmids?

Answer 8

They convey a survival advantage to the cell. (i.e. antibiotic resistance)

Question 9

Define genomics

Answer 9

Specialized are in genetics that focuses on characterizing entire genomes.

Question 10

What are nucleic acids made from?

Answer 10

Nucleotides

Question 11

What make up nucleotides?

Answer 11

A phosphate
A sugar
A nitrogen base

Question 12

What sugars are nucleotides made of ?

Answer 12

DNA or RNA

Question 13

What are the potential nitrogen bases that are used in nucleotides?

Answer 13

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

Question 14

What are the two classifications for nitrogen bases?

Answer 14

Purines or pyrimidines

Question 15

Which phosphate bases are pyrimidines?

Answer 15

Thymine, cytosine, uracil

Question 16

Which phosphate bases are purines?

Answer 16

Adenine, and guanine

Question 17

What does A (adenine) bond to?

Answer 17

T (thymine) or U (uracil). AT pairs in DNA, AU pairs in RNA.

Question 18

What does G (Guanine) bond to?

Answer 18

C (Cytosine) (making GC pairs in DNA and RNA)

Question 19

What do the phosphate pairs make up in the DNA gene sequence?

Answer 19

The rungs of the ladder.

Question 20

What make up the side rails of the the DNA helical ladder?

Answer 20

An alternating pattern of sugar and phosphate molecules.

Question 21

What kind of bond holds the “rails” (alternating sugar and phosphate) together? And what type of bond is that specific bond?

Answer 21

Phosphodiester bonds, covalent

Question 22

What does A bind to in RNA?

Answer 22

U

Question 23

What types of RNA are there?

Answer 23

Messenger, transfer, and ribosomal RNA. They all participate in making proteins.

Question 24

What is the flow of information in genetics?

Answer 24

DNA to RNA to proteins- otherwise known as the central dogma of molecular biology.