11.6- Inflammation and Fever Flashcards
What does the MAC stand for and do?
Membrane attack complex
Causes cytolysis
What are the three main goals of inflammation?
1) Recruit immune defense to the injured tissue
2) Limit the spread of infectious agents.
3) Deliver oxygen, nutrients, and chemical factors critical for tissue recovery
What are the three phases of inflammation?
Vascular changes
Leukocyte recruitment
Resolution
Describe vascular changes in the inflammation response
Chemical alarm signals released by damaged cells and leukocytes increase blood flow and vessel permeability. This causes more blood flow to injured tissues. Permeability allows vessels to be slightly leaky which allows blood plasma and complement proteins to enter the tissue.
Describe leukocyte recruitment
Cytokines recruit leukocytes. Neutrophils arrive first followed by monocytes, which mature into macrophages. Neutrophils and macrophages phagocytize invaders and recruit other leukocytes.
Describe resolution
Inflammation signals decreased and tissue repair is initiated.
Define exudate
fluid that accumulates in the tissues after the vasculature become more permeable.
Define kinins
Pro-inflammatory vasoactive factor.
Define eosanoids
Vasoactive signaling molecules that promote many physiological events. These promote vascular changes and stimulate pain receptors. Made from arachidonic acid- which comes from cell membrane phospholipids.
What do chemoattractants do?
Bring leukocytes to injured tissue.
Define margination
When leukocytes slow down as they roll along vessel walls, adhere to vessel walls, and stop rolling.
Define diapedesis
When leukocytes dramatically change shape which allows them to squeeze out of the blood vessel.
During what part of the resolution phase does tissue healing begin?
Late in the resolution phase.
What is pus made of?
Dead tissue cells and leukocytes that are being rounded up as the resolution phase of inflammation occurs.
