11.4- Cellular Second Line Defense

Question 1

Define neutrophils

Type of neucleus

Answer 1

40-70% of white blood cells. Most common type.
Multi-lobed segment nucleus.
First recruited from blood stream to injured tissue.

Question 2

What do neutrophils release when responding to injured or infected sites?
What do they do to foreign things?

Answer 2

AMPs (antimicrobial peptides) and enzymes into the surrounding environment.
AMPs and enzymes destroy microbes and stimulate inflammation.
They phagocytize foreign cells and viruses.

Question 3

What does a elevated neutrophil count mean?

Answer 3

Can mean acute bacterial infection

Question 4

What does low neutrophil count (neutropenia) mean?

Answer 4

Neutropenia can be caused by certain viral infections.

Question 5

What is the last thing that neutrophils do that involves other parts of immunity?

Answer 5

They are the key alarm sounders. They recruit other white blood cells to the scene and stimulate their activity.

Question 6

Define eosinophils

Answer 6

Account for less than 5% of white blood cells.
Large cytoplasmic granules
Stain orange-red

Question 7

Define eosinophil nucleus

Answer 7

Looks like two lobes connect by thing band.

Question 8

What do eosinophils contain?

What do they do?

Answer 8

Diverse enzymes and antimicrobial toxins.
Expelled into surrounding tissue- especially responsive to parasites.
Moderately phagocytotic

Question 9

What does an elevated eosinophil count usually mean?

Answer 9

Possibly a parasitic infection, asthma, or seasonal allergies.

Question 10

Define basophils

How do they appear?

Answer 10

Less than 1% of leukocyte population
Double lobed nucleus and numerous cytoplasmic granules.
Granules look dark purple and tend to obscure view of nucleus.

Question 11

What do basophils have lots of?

Answer 11

Defense molecules- especially histamine- which causes inflammation

Question 12

What do basophils fight?

Answer 12

Parasitic infections and has role in allergic response

Question 13

What do mast cells do?

Answer 13

Release histamine, fight parasites, and have role in allergic response. Because phagocytosis, good at fighting bacteria. Key role in activating the adaptive immune response.

Question 14

What do dendritic cells and macrophages do?

Answer 14

Phagocytosis and activate adaptive immunity.

Question 15

What shape is a monocyte’s nucleus and what does it mature into?

Answer 15

Horse shoe shaped

Macrophage

Question 16

What do lymphocytes look like?

Answer 16

Large round nucleus and limed cytoplasmic space.

Question 17

What are lymphocytes a subgroup of?

Answer 17

Leukocytes- they are NK cells, B and T cells

Question 18

What role do NK cells play?

Answer 18

Innate immunity- protect against viruses, bacteria, parasites, and tumors.

Question 19

What role do B and T cells play?

Answer 19

They coordinate adaptive immune response.