Ch. 7 Lecture Elements Flashcards
Describe pinocytosis
Non-specific form of endocytosis- cell drinking.
This happens continuously.
Describe phagocytosis
Protein receptor mediated endoycytosis. Stimulation of protein receptors on the outside of cells begins the process of the cell membrane moving outward, envaginating the thing touching the receptors. That is brought inside the cell, and this vacuole merges with a lysosome that breaks down the vacuole contents.
Receptor mediated endocytosis
This is the most specific for of endocytosis which uses hormones to mark things for consumptions. Active transport process which brings stuff into the cell and coats the vacuole with clatherin.
Define cardinal temperature
The range of temperatures that a given microbial species can grow in.
Define minimum temperature
The minimum temperature that permits microbe growth and metabolism. Below this, activities are limited.
Define optimum temperature
An intermediate between maximum and minimum temperatures that has the fastest growth.
Define maximum temperature
The highest temperature at which growth and metabolism can occur before proteins are denatured.
Define obligate aerobes
Microbes that can only grow in the presence of oxygen.
Define microaerofiles
Microbes oxygen, but at a lower concentration than what you would find in air.
Define facultative anerobes
These microbes don’t require oxygen for metabolism, but when it is present, they will use it.
Define obligate anerobes
Microbes that can’t grow in the presence of oxygen.
Define aerotolerant anerobes
These microbes don’t use oxygen, but they are able to survive and grow a little bit within its presence. Not harmed by oxygen.
What pH level do the majority of organisms grow in?
Between 6 and 8.
What does pH measure?
The amount of hydrogen/hydrogenian ions in water.
Define sterilization
Highest level of cleansing. Removes or destroys all forms of viable microorganisms. Done to inanimate objects.
Define disinfection
Use of chemical agents to destroy vegetative pathogens. Removes harmful products of microorganisms (toxins) from the environment. Used on inanimate objects.
Define decontamination
Also known as sanitization. Cleansing technique that mechanically removes microorganisms as well as other debris to reduce contamination to safe levels.
Define antisepsis
Also known as degermination- reduces the number of microbes on human skin.- A form of decontamination for living tissue.
Define process
The action taken during sterilization, disinfection, decontamination, and antisepsis.
Define agent
The tool used during the process of steriliztion-antisepsis.
define bacteriocide
A chemical that destroys bacteria except at the endospore stage
Define a fungicide
A chemical that can kill fungal spores
Define virucide
A chemical known to inactivate viruses, especially on living tissue.
Sporicide
An agent capable of destroying bacterial endospores.
Germicide or microbicide
Chemical agents that kills microorganisms
Sepsis
The growth of microorganisms in the blood and other tissues
Asepsis
Any practice that prevents the entry of infectious agents into sterile tissue and thus prevents infection.
Aseptic techniques
Practiced in healthcare- any practice ranging from sterilization to antisepsis
Antiseptics
Chemical agents applied directly to exposed body surfaces (skin and mucous membranes) wounds, and surgical incisions to prevent infection
Stasis/ Static
To stand still
Bacteristatic
Chemical agents that prevent the growth of bacteria on tissues or on objects in the environment
Fungistatic
Chemicals that inhibit fungal growth
Microbistatic
The effect that antiseptics and drugs often have because microbicidal compounds can be toxic to human cells.
-cide or -cidal
Meaning having the capacity to kill. Can be combined with other terms to define an antimicrobial agent aimed at destroying a certain group of microorganisms. Doesn’t necessarily result in sterilization, depending on how it is used.
Microbial death
Permanent termination of an organisms vital processes.
Mode or mechanism of action
The antimicrobial agent’s effects on cells.
Aqueous Solution
Chemicals dissolved in pure water.
Tinctures
Chemicals dissolved in pure alcohol or a alcohol water solution.
Germicide
A substance or other agent that destroys harmful microorganisms; an antiseptic
Define thermal death point
The lowest temperature at which a microbe in a liquid will be killed in 10 minutes.
Define thermal death time
The amount of time to kill a bacteria in a liquid at a given temperature.
Define decimal reduction time
Length of time at which 90% of the bacterial concentration will be killed at a given temperature.
