Ch. 4.2

Question 1

What are the four different kingdoms for Eukaryotes?

Answer 1

Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protists

Question 2

Define helminths

What are three main types?

Answer 2

parasitic worms
Roundworms (nematodes)
Flat worms (tape worms and flukes)

Question 3

Define animalia

Answer 3

Multicellular organisms that do not carry out photosynthesis.

Question 4

How do animals obtain nutrients?

Answer 4

From organic carbon.

Question 5

Define plants

Answer 5

Multicellular photosynthetic organisms

Question 6

Define fungi

Answer 6

Most are multicellular organism or colonial. Only yeast are unicellular. No photosynthesis, exact carbon from surroundings.
Aside from yeast, most are saprobes.

Question 7

Define saprobes

Answer 7

Organisms that gain carbon from dead plants and animals in the environment

Question 8

Define hyphae

Name and describe the two types

Answer 8

Most fungi are these
Collections of tubular structures.

Two types of hyphae:

1) Septate hyphae- divisions between each cell in the filament, and appear as a string of individual cells
2) Aseptate hyphae- no divisions. Appear as a long continue multinucleate chain

Question 9

How do fungi reproduce?

Answer 9

Fungal spores.

Question 10

How are asexual spores created?

Answer 10

Mitosis- no genetic variation

Question 11

How are sexual spores created?

Answer 11

meiosis

Question 12

What forms do dimorphic fungi take?

Define mycoses

Answer 12

Cycle between having hyphae and living as a yeast like form. Many pathogenic fungi are dimorphic.
Diseases caused by fungi

Question 13

Define dermatophytes

Answer 13

Diseases caused by fungi: infect skin, hair, and nails.

Question 14

Define tinea

Answer 14

Ringworm

Question 15

Define mycotoxins

Answer 15

Toxins created by fungi

Question 16

Define protists

Answer 16

Most are unicellular, but some are multicellular.

Question 17

Define protozoan

Answer 17

Animal like protists that are unicellular, lack a cell wall, exhibit asexual and sexual reproduction, typically live by heterotrophic means (non-photosynthetic). These are a form of protist

Question 18

What are the four groups of protozoans? And how do they move?

Answer 18

Amoeboid-pseudopods
Flagellated- flagella
Ciliated- cilia
Spore forming-

Question 19

Define pseudopods

Answer 19

“False feet” that are extensions of the cytoplasm of Amoeboid protozoans.

Question 20

What disease process do flagellated protozoans often cause?

Answer 20

Giardias

Question 21

Define Apicomplexa

Answer 21

Spore forming protozoans- they move by gliding and have three phases of reproduction- both sexual and asexual.

Question 22

What are the three phases of apicomplexas?

Answer 22

Merogony: Asexual stage that produces merzoits
Gamogony: Sexual stage- merzoits produce male and female haploid gametes
Sporogony: zygote made by gamete fusion devices to make sporozoites- this is the stage where the protozoa invades a new host to repeat the sexual cycle.