Ch. 4.2 Flashcards
Classification of Eukaryotes
What are the four different kingdoms for Eukaryotes?
Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protists
Define helminths
What are three main types?
parasitic worms
Roundworms (nematodes)
Flat worms (tape worms and flukes)
Define animalia
Multicellular organisms that do not carry out photosynthesis.
How do animals obtain nutrients?
From organic carbon.
Define plants
Multicellular photosynthetic organisms
Define fungi
Most are multicellular organism or colonial. Only yeast are unicellular. No photosynthesis, exact carbon from surroundings.
Aside from yeast, most are saprobes.
Define saprobes
Organisms that gain carbon from dead plants and animals in the environment
Define hyphae
Name and describe the two types
Most fungi are these
Collections of tubular structures.
Two types of hyphae:
1) Septate hyphae- divisions between each cell in the filament, and appear as a string of individual cells
2) Aseptate hyphae- no divisions. Appear as a long continue multinucleate chain
How do fungi reproduce?
Fungal spores.
How are asexual spores created?
Mitosis- no genetic variation
How are sexual spores created?
meiosis
What forms do dimorphic fungi take?
Define mycoses
Cycle between having hyphae and living as a yeast like form. Many pathogenic fungi are dimorphic.
Diseases caused by fungi
Define dermatophytes
Diseases caused by fungi: infect skin, hair, and nails.
Define tinea
Ringworm
Define mycotoxins
Toxins created by fungi
Define protists
Most are unicellular, but some are multicellular.
Define protozoan
Animal like protists that are unicellular, lack a cell wall, exhibit asexual and sexual reproduction, typically live by heterotrophic means (non-photosynthetic). These are a form of protist
What are the four groups of protozoans? And how do they move?
Amoeboid-pseudopods
Flagellated- flagella
Ciliated- cilia
Spore forming-
Define pseudopods
“False feet” that are extensions of the cytoplasm of Amoeboid protozoans.
What disease process do flagellated protozoans often cause?
Giardias
Define Apicomplexa
Spore forming protozoans- they move by gliding and have three phases of reproduction- both sexual and asexual.
What are the three phases of apicomplexas?
Merogony: Asexual stage that produces merzoits
Gamogony: Sexual stage- merzoits produce male and female haploid gametes
Sporogony: zygote made by gamete fusion devices to make sporozoites- this is the stage where the protozoa invades a new host to repeat the sexual cycle.
