Ch. 3.3 Flashcards
Intracellular structures
Define prokaryotic DNA. Where is it found within the cell?
Single circular chromosome, found within the nucleoid.
What are ribosomes made of?
RNA and protein
How do ribosomes make proteins?
By linking together amino acids.
Define sedimentation rate
This is how fast various particles in a solution settle when spun in a centrifuge.
What are the subunits that make up prokaryotic ribosomes?
50S and 30S. Together they make up a 70S ribosome.
What two eukaryotic organelles have the same sedimentation rate as prokaryotic ribosomes?
Mitocondria and chloroplasts.
Define endosymbiotic theory
The theory which states the two prokaryotic cells functioned symbiotically with an ancient shared ancestor.
What makes up the cytoskeleton?
What is its function?
Long protein filaments- these don’t contain actin and tubulin, but they behave similarly and have some similar structures.
Acts as scaffolding to organize cell division, directs construction of the cell wall, helps provide overall organization to the cytoplasm for different chemical processes.
Describe inclusion bodies.
These consist of insoluble granules, or are sometimes bound in a membrane.
Glucose and poly-b-hydroxybutyrate are commonly stored substances.
How do organisms fix carbon?
They convert inorganic forms of carbon like co2 into organic carbon by combining it with hydrogen.
