Ch. 5.5- Genetic variation without sexual reproduction Flashcards
Define vertical gene transfer
When cells pass their genetic information to the next generation as a result of sexual or asexual cell devision.
Define horizontal gene transfer
The passing of information between cells by a process separate from reproduction.- Plasmids are often shared this way.
Define conjugation
When a bacteria that carries a fertility plasmid forms a pilus which attaches to a neighboring bacterial cell that lacks a plasmid. A copy of the fertility plasmid is then transferred to the cell that didn’t have one.
Define a high frequency recombination
When the plasmid that is received by a cell during conjugation merges with the bacterial cells chromosome and ceases to be an independent plasmid.
Define transformation
Bacteria are genetically altered when they take up DNA from their environment. In this case, DNA crosses the cell wall through an absorption process.- Can come from any source including dead bacteria.
Define competent cells
Cells that can be transformed after receiving DNA and integrating it into their chromosomal structure.
Define transfection
When eukaryotic cells take up DNA from their environment and transform.
Define transduction
The introduction of new genetic material into a cell by a virus.
Define bacterphages
Viruses that infect bacteria.
