Ch. 4.3- Extracellular Structures Flashcards
Describe sterols
Something found in the plasma membrane of eukaryotes:
steroid alcohol: organic ring structured compounds- most common is cholesterol. Hydrophobic.
Which eukaryotes have cell walls?
Fungi, plants, and certain protist. Animals don’t have them.
Do eukaryotes have peptidoglycan or pseudopeptidoglycan?
No
What is chitin used for?
Core component of fungal cell walls
What is cellulose used for?
Plant cell walls
What are common ingredients in protists cell walls?
cellulose, calcium carbonate, xylan, silica, and other protein and carbohydrate based compounds.
Define osmotic stress
When a cell has to work to maintain it’s water balance when in an environment that is hyper or hypotonic ( too much water tries to enter or leave the cell)
Define glycocalyx
Sugar husk- outer most layer of most eukaryotes
Made of carbohydrates, glycoproteins, and glycolipids
What does the glycocalyx play a role in?
Cellular protection, adhesion, and communication
How are eukaryotic flagella connected to the cell? What are eukaryotic flagella made of?
Inner part of the flagella isn’t sealed off from the rest of the cell. It is continue with the rest of the cells cytoplasm. Tubulin is what flagella are made of. They are thicker and longer than most prokaryotic flagella.
Describe the arrangement of flagella
9+2 arrangement. 9 fused pairs of microtubules form the border, 2 non-fused pairs are a the center.
How are flagella anchored in eukaryotes?
Cylindrical collection of microtubules sprouting from a central
How do flagella move?
Wave like motion
Describe cilia
Shorter than flagella, moved with a “power stroke” motion, and sprout from centrioles associated with the plasma membrane
