11.5- Molecular Second Line Defense

Question 1

What are the three major players in the molecular second line defense?

Answer 1

Cytokins, Iron binding proteins, and compliment proteins.

Question 2

What do Cytokins do?

Answer 2

Stimulate inflammation
Generate Fever
Recruit leukocytes to fight infection
Stimulate tissue and blood vessel repair
Promote leukocyte and lymphatic tissue development
Antiviral effects (interferons)
Immune system regulation and activation

Question 3

What do Iron biding proteins do?

Answer 3

Limit availability of free iron to reduce bacterial growth

Question 4

What do Compliment proteins do?

Answer 4

Stimulate inflammation
Tag targets for elimination
Directly kill target cells

Question 5

Define opsonization

Answer 5

The tasing of target cells by compliment proteins for elimination

Question 6

Define cytolysis

Answer 6

Destruction of cells targeted by compliment proteins.

Question 7

What do chemokins do?

Answer 7

Attract white blood cells to the area of damage- stimulate chemotaxis.

Question 8

Define hematopoiesis

Answer 8

Stimulation of the production of new white blood cells.

Question 9

Define apoptosis

Answer 9

Cells death triggered by cells near it that know they are infected.

Question 10

What is the role of interferons?

Answer 10

The give alarm signals when pathogens and tumor cells are detected. They tell surrounding cells to slow proteins synthesis, perform apoptosis, and activate leukocytes

Question 11

Define TNF?

Answer 11

Tumor necrosis factor. TNF-a gets lots of attention cause it can stimulate inflammation and kill tumors.

Question 12

Define siderophores

Answer 12

Organic molecules that steal iron from our iron binding proteins.

Question 13

What are neutrophils key for fighting?

Answer 13

Bacterial and fungal infections

Question 14

What does compliment system do? What is it made of?

Answer 14

Made of 30 different proteins. Works in cascade fashion to protect against infectious agents.

Question 15

What are the three pathways for activation compliment proteins?

Answer 15

Classic pathway
Alternative Pathway
Lectin Pathway

Question 16

Define the classic pathway

Answer 16

Triggered by antibodies. Compliment proteins activate when antibodies bind to a pathogen.

Question 17

Define the alternative pathway

Answer 17

Compliment proteins are activated by directly interaction with the pathogen.

Question 18

Define the lectin pathway

Answer 18

Compliment proteins activated by manosse-binding lectin (MBL) which has been binding to pathogens. This pathway works just like the classical pathway except instead of antibodies triggering the compliment cascade, the MBL does it.

Question 19

Define RCAs

Answer 19

Regulators of Compliment Activation.