Chapter 31

Question 1

The spinal cord begins at the caudal end of the __________. It ends at the level of ______

Answer 1

1) medulla oblongata
2) LV2

Question 2

Ventral (anterior) surface of the spinal cord:
1)
2)

Answer 2

1) anterior medial fissure
2) anterior lateral fissure

Question 3

The _______________ is a depression at the midline of the anterior surface of the spinal cord

Answer 3

Anterior medial fissure

Question 4

The __________________ is a depression on the anterior surface of the spinal cord that is located laterally on each side of the anterior median fissure
-It is typically found near the area of the ventral horn

Answer 4

anterior lateral sulcus

Question 5

Dorsal (posterior) surface of the spinal cord:
1)
2)
3)

Answer 5

1) Posterior median sulcus
2) Posterior lateral sulcus
3) Posterior intermediate sulcus

Question 6

The _______________ is a depression at the midline of the posterior surface of the spinal cord

Answer 6

posterior median sulcus

Question 7

the _____________ is a depression on the posterior surface of the spinal cord that is located laterally on each side of the posterior median sulcus
-it is typically found near the area of the dorsal horn

Answer 7

Posterior lateral sulcus

Question 8

The ________________ is a depression on the posterior surface of the spinal cord that is located between the posterior median sulcus and the posterior lateral sulcus on each side
- this exists at the level of ____ and above

Answer 8

1) posterior intermediate sulcus
2) T6

Question 9

Spinal cord enlargements
1)
2)

Answer 9

1) cervical enlargement
2) lumboscaral enlargement

Question 10

Cervical enlargement is located at the spinal cord segments _________

Answer 10

C5-T1

Question 11

The lumboscaral enlargement is located at the spinal cord segments _________

Answer 11

L1-S3

Question 12

What are the terminal ends of the spinal cord?

Answer 12

1) Conus medullaris
2) Filum terminale
3) Lumbar cistern

Question 13

The lower end of the spinal cord has a conical shape at the level of LV2 and is termed the _________________. Thus is the inferior end or the most caudal tip of the spinal cord

Answer 13

Conus medullaris

Question 14

______________ is a single inferior extension of pia mater that extends from the conus medullaris inferiorly. it anchors the spinal cord to the dura mater at the coccyx

Answer 14

Filum terminale

Question 15

_____________ is the subarachnoid space located below the conus medullaris that is filled with ______. This is the site where a lumbar puncture, or spinal tap, occurs

Answer 15

1) Lumbar cistern
2) CSF

Question 16

______________ is composed of myelinated axons (ascending and descending).

Answer 16

white matter

Question 17

a _____________ is a collection of nerve fibers located in the white mater of the spinal cord

Answer 17

Funiculus

Question 18

What are the 3 funiculi:

Answer 18

1) Dorsal (posterior) funiculus
2) Lateral funiculus
3) ventral (anterior) funiculus

Question 19

_________________ is a small bundle of nerve fibers that may also be called a TRACT

Answer 19

fasciculus

Question 20

_____________ is composed primarily of the cell bodies of neurons and neuroglia

Answer 20

gray mater

Question 21

-Horns are extensions off of the main mass of gray matter are?

Answer 21

1) dorsal horn
2) Lateral horn
3) Ventral horn

Question 22

The _____________ is the promary location of sensory input.

Answer 22

dorsal horn

Question 23

The dorsal horn consist of:

Answer 23

1) Head (substantia geltinosa)
2) neck
3) Base

Question 24

The _______________ is associated with the autonomic nervous system. It is only found at specific spinal cord segments:
1) T1-L2
2) S2-S4

Answer 24

Lateral horn

Question 25

____________ is the primary location for MOTOR output

Answer 25

Ventral horn

Question 26

_______________ refers to axons that pass contralaterally through gray matter

Answer 26

Ventral gray commissure

Question 27

_____________ refers to the axons that pass contralaterally through white matter

Answer 27

Ventral white commissure

Question 28

Medial portion of the ventral horn supplies the ______________

Answer 28

axial muscles

Question 29

The lateral portion of the central horn supplies the

Answer 29

appendicular muscles

Question 30

the dorsal portion of the ventral horn supplies the

Answer 30

flexor muscles

Question 31

the ventral portion of the ventral horn supplies the

Answer 31

extensor muscles

Question 32

characteristics of each spinal cord region vary by the:

Answer 32

1) shape and size of the spinal cord segment
2) Shape and size of gray matter
3) relative amount of gray matter and white matter
4) specific characteristic landmarks

Question 33

Cervical region of the spinal cord:

Answer 33

1) Large oval diameter
2) Large amount of white matter
3) large amount of gray matter
4) Posterior INTERMEDIATE sulcus, which divides the posterior funiculus into 2 fasciculi at spinal cord segments C1-T6:
-Fasciculus gracilis
-Fasculus cuneatus

Question 34

Thoracic region of the spinal cord:

Answer 34

i. Small round diameter
ii. Decreased amount of gray matter
iii. Increased amount of white matter relative to gray matter
iv. Long, narrow dorsal horn
v. Three specific characteristics of the thoracic segment include the:
1. Nucleus dorsalis
2. Lateral horn
3. Posterior intermediate sulcus, which is present at T6 and above

Question 35

Lumbar region of the spinal cord:

Answer 35

i. Large oval diameter
ii. More white and gray matter than the thoracic levels above and the sacral levels below
iii. No posterior intermediate sulcus
iv. Large substantia gelatinosa

Question 36

sacral region of the spinal cord:

Answer 36

i. Small round diameter
ii. Quadrangular shaped gray matter
iii. Increased amount of gray matter relative to white matter
iv. Large substantia gelatinosa

Question 37

1) Which statement is incorrect regarding somatotopic organization?
a. The dorsal portion of the dorsal horn supplies the flexor muscles
b. The lateral portion of the ventral horn supplies the appendicular muscles
c. The ventral portion of the ventral horn supplies the extensor muscles
d. The medial portion of the ventral horn supplies the axial muscles

Answer 37

The dorsal portion of the dorsal horn supplies the flexor muscles

Question 38

The posterior intermediate sulcus is present at T6 and above? True or false?

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. A fasciculus is a small bundle of nerve fibers that may also be called a tract
b. The filum terminale is a single inferior extension of dura mater
c. The cervical enlargement is located at spinal cord segment C5-T1
d. The lumbosacral enlargement is located at spinal cord segments L1-S3

Answer 39

b. The filum terminale is a single inferior extension of dura mater