Chapter 31 Flashcards
The spinal cord begins at the caudal end of the __________. It ends at the level of ______
1) medulla oblongata
2) LV2
Ventral (anterior) surface of the spinal cord:
1)
2)
1) anterior medial fissure
2) anterior lateral fissure
The _______________ is a depression at the midline of the anterior surface of the spinal cord
Anterior medial fissure
The __________________ is a depression on the anterior surface of the spinal cord that is located laterally on each side of the anterior median fissure
-It is typically found near the area of the ventral horn
anterior lateral sulcus
Dorsal (posterior) surface of the spinal cord:
1)
2)
3)
1) Posterior median sulcus
2) Posterior lateral sulcus
3) Posterior intermediate sulcus
The _______________ is a depression at the midline of the posterior surface of the spinal cord
posterior median sulcus
the _____________ is a depression on the posterior surface of the spinal cord that is located laterally on each side of the posterior median sulcus
-it is typically found near the area of the dorsal horn
Posterior lateral sulcus
The ________________ is a depression on the posterior surface of the spinal cord that is located between the posterior median sulcus and the posterior lateral sulcus on each side
- this exists at the level of ____ and above
1) posterior intermediate sulcus
2) T6
Spinal cord enlargements
1)
2)
1) cervical enlargement
2) lumboscaral enlargement
Cervical enlargement is located at the spinal cord segments _________
C5-T1
The lumboscaral enlargement is located at the spinal cord segments _________
L1-S3
What are the terminal ends of the spinal cord?
1) Conus medullaris
2) Filum terminale
3) Lumbar cistern
The lower end of the spinal cord has a conical shape at the level of LV2 and is termed the _________________. Thus is the inferior end or the most caudal tip of the spinal cord
Conus medullaris
______________ is a single inferior extension of pia mater that extends from the conus medullaris inferiorly. it anchors the spinal cord to the dura mater at the coccyx
Filum terminale
_____________ is the subarachnoid space located below the conus medullaris that is filled with ______. This is the site where a lumbar puncture, or spinal tap, occurs
1) Lumbar cistern
2) CSF
______________ is composed of myelinated axons (ascending and descending).
white matter
a _____________ is a collection of nerve fibers located in the white mater of the spinal cord
Funiculus
What are the 3 funiculi:
1) Dorsal (posterior) funiculus
2) Lateral funiculus
3) ventral (anterior) funiculus
_________________ is a small bundle of nerve fibers that may also be called a TRACT
fasciculus
_____________ is composed primarily of the cell bodies of neurons and neuroglia
gray mater
-Horns are extensions off of the main mass of gray matter are?
1) dorsal horn
2) Lateral horn
3) Ventral horn
The _____________ is the promary location of sensory input.
dorsal horn
The dorsal horn consist of:
1) Head (substantia geltinosa)
2) neck
3) Base
The _______________ is associated with the autonomic nervous system. It is only found at specific spinal cord segments:
1) T1-L2
2) S2-S4
Lateral horn
____________ is the primary location for MOTOR output
Ventral horn
_______________ refers to axons that pass contralaterally through gray matter
Ventral gray commissure
_____________ refers to the axons that pass contralaterally through white matter
Ventral white commissure
Medial portion of the ventral horn supplies the ______________
axial muscles
The lateral portion of the central horn supplies the
appendicular muscles
the dorsal portion of the ventral horn supplies the
flexor muscles
the ventral portion of the ventral horn supplies the
extensor muscles
characteristics of each spinal cord region vary by the:
1) shape and size of the spinal cord segment
2) Shape and size of gray matter
3) relative amount of gray matter and white matter
4) specific characteristic landmarks
Cervical region of the spinal cord:
1) Large oval diameter
2) Large amount of white matter
3) large amount of gray matter
4) Posterior INTERMEDIATE sulcus, which divides the posterior funiculus into 2 fasciculi at spinal cord segments C1-T6:
-Fasciculus gracilis
-Fasculus cuneatus
Thoracic region of the spinal cord:
i. Small round diameter
ii. Decreased amount of gray matter
iii. Increased amount of white matter relative to gray matter
iv. Long, narrow dorsal horn
v. Three specific characteristics of the thoracic segment include the:
1. Nucleus dorsalis
2. Lateral horn
3. Posterior intermediate sulcus, which is present at T6 and above
Lumbar region of the spinal cord:
i. Large oval diameter
ii. More white and gray matter than the thoracic levels above and the sacral levels below
iii. No posterior intermediate sulcus
iv. Large substantia gelatinosa
sacral region of the spinal cord:
i. Small round diameter
ii. Quadrangular shaped gray matter
iii. Increased amount of gray matter relative to white matter
iv. Large substantia gelatinosa
1) Which statement is incorrect regarding somatotopic organization?
a. The dorsal portion of the dorsal horn supplies the flexor muscles
b. The lateral portion of the ventral horn supplies the appendicular muscles
c. The ventral portion of the ventral horn supplies the extensor muscles
d. The medial portion of the ventral horn supplies the axial muscles
The dorsal portion of the dorsal horn supplies the flexor muscles
The posterior intermediate sulcus is present at T6 and above? True or false?
True
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. A fasciculus is a small bundle of nerve fibers that may also be called a tract
b. The filum terminale is a single inferior extension of dura mater
c. The cervical enlargement is located at spinal cord segment C5-T1
d. The lumbosacral enlargement is located at spinal cord segments L1-S3
b. The filum terminale is a single inferior extension of dura mater
