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Neuroanatomy > chapter 16 > Flashcards

chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding the nerves to the orbit?
a) CNII and the ophthalmic artery course through the optic canal and within the common tendinous ring
b) The lateral rectus muscle is supplied by abducens nerve
c) the common tendinous ring is a circle of cartilage that gives origin to the 4 rectus muscles
d) the frontal nerve (branch of V1) passes through the superior orbital fissure and through the common tendinous ring

A

d) the frontal nerve (branch of V1) passes through the superior orbital fissure and through the common tendinous ring

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2
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves is INCORRECTLY paired with its associated damage?
a) CNII- Ptosis
b) CN VII- Bell’s palsy
c) Motor root of CN V - contralateral deviation of the jaw
d) Trochlear nerve - vertical diplopia

A

c) motor root of CNV - contralateral deviation of the jaw

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3
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
a) Damage to the hypoglossal nerve results in ipsilateral atrophy of the tongue
b) the vagus nerve attaches to the medulla, lateral to the olive, between CN IX and CN XI
c) the spinal portion of CN XI arises from the upper part of the spinal cord, at level C1-c4
d) the facial nerve exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen

A

c) the spinal portion of the CNXI arises from the upper part of the spinal cord, at level C1-C4

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4
Q

Which of the following is NOT a branch that arises off of the parotid plexus from CN VII
a) Buccal
b) Frontal
c) Zygomatic
d) temporal

A

b) frontal

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5
Q

What are the 12 pairs of cranial nerves according to their brain attachment, they are named from ANTERIOR to POSTERIOR:

A

1) CN I (olfactory nerve)
2) CN II (optic nerve)
3) CN III (oculomotor nerve)
4) CN IV (trochlear nerve)
5) CN V (Trigeminal nerve)
6) CN VI (abducent, abducens)
7) CN VII ( facial nerve)
8) CN VIII vestibulocochlear (acoustic, auditory) nerve
9) CNIX (glossopharyngeal nerve)
10) CN X (vagus nerve)
11) CN XI (accessory nerve)
12) CN XII (hypoglossal nerve)

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6
Q

the olfactory nerve is cranial nerve I and is ______________ in type

A

sensory

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7
Q

The olfactory nerve begins with RECEPTOR CELLS within the ________________________, which are located in the mucosa over the superior nasal conchae and the upper 1/3rd** of the nasal septum

A

olfactory epithelium

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8
Q

(olfactory nerve)
The ___ to 20 filaments that pass from this mucosa traverse the _________________ of the ethmoid bone, leaving the nasal cavity to end in the anterior cranial fossa’s ____________________

A

1) 15
2) cribriform plate
3) olfactory BULB

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9
Q

(olfactory nerve)
Here a synapse is made with _________________, which convey an impulse from the olfactory bulb along the olfactory tract to the point where the tract divides into 2 striae:
a) The ___________________ olfactory stria terminates in the UNCUS at the anterior part of the temporal lobe
b) The __________________ olfactory stria crosses through the ANTERIOR COMMISSURE to reach the uncus on the contralateral side
c) the uncus of the temporal lobe is where the sense of smell is mediated

A

1) Mitral cells
2) Lateral
3) Medial

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10
Q

(olfactory nerve)
Clinical note:
Olfactory is the sense of smell. Olfactory cells decrease with age, resulting in the loss of smell. This is known as __________________

A

anosmia

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11
Q

The optic nerve is cranial nerve II and is ___________ in type

A

sensory

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12
Q

(optic nerve)
the inner layer of the eye is known as the ___________ which gives rise to the OPTIC NERVE

A

retina

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13
Q

(optic nerve)
The optic nerves course POSTERO-MEDIALLY to cross at the ____________________

A

Optic chiasma

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14
Q

The optic chiasma lies just _________________ to the infundibulum (the hypophyseal stalk of the pituitary gland) and the mammillary bodies

A

anterior

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15
Q

(optic nerve)
Posterior to the optic chiasma, the axons form ____________________.

A

Optic tracts

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16
Q

(optic nerve)
The optic tracts pass posteriorly to the cerebrum and divide into 2 pathways:
a) the majority of the axons will course to the _______________________
b) A smaller number of the axons will pass through the lateral geniculate nucleus and continue to the ________________________

A

a) Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
b) Superior colliculi

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17
Q

(optic nerve)
Axons from the lateral geniculate nucleus (or indirectly from the superior collculi) course via ___________________ to the CALCARINE FISSURE of the occipital lobe, where sight is interpreted

A

optic radiations

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18
Q

Clinical note:
damage to CNII causes

A

Blindness

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19
Q

CNII mediates the sense of

A

light

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20
Q

(optic nerve)
What are the 3 nerves that give supply to the muscles of the orbit? These nerves supply the orbital structures, including the __________________ extra-ocular sk

A

1) CNIII, oculomotor nerve
2) CN IV, trochlear nerve
3) CN VI, abducent nerve

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21
Q

The 3 nerves that supply the muscles of the orbit supply the orbital structures, including the __________________ extra-ocular skeletal muscles:
a)
b)
c)

A

1) 7
a) 4 rectus muscles
b) 2 oblique muscles
c) lateral palpebrae superioris muscle

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22
Q

(Optic nerve)
LR, or LATERAL RECTUS, is supplied by

A

CN VI

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23
Q

(optic nerve)
SO, or SUPERIOR OBLIQUE, is supplied by

A

CN IV

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24
Q

The remaining ____ muscles (superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, and levator palpebrae superioris) are innervated by ______

A

1) 5
2) III

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25
Q

All 3 cranial nerves (oculomotor, trochlear and abducent) exit the cranial cavity to travel through the CAVERNOUS SINUS, SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE, and ______________ or _____________ the COMMON TENDINOUS RING, in that order, to ultimately reach the orbit
a) while coursing through the __________________, which lies lateral to the sella turcica, CN III, IV, and VI course with the OPHTHALMIC NERVE (V1), MAXILLARY NERVE (V2) AND THE _________________________

A

1) through
2) above
3) cavernous
4) internal carotid artery

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26
Q

Note that the ophthalmic nerve (V1) and the maxillary nerve (V2) are branches of __________

A

CN V, trigeminal nerve

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27
Q

(optic nerve)
The common tendinous ring is a circle of cartilage at the back of the orbit that gives ORIGIN to the 4 rectus muscles.
a) passing through the superior orbital fissure and ABOVE the common tendinous ring are the
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Frontal
2) Lacrimal
3) trochlear

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28
Q

Passing through the superior orbital fissure and THROUGH the common tendinous ring are the:
1)
2)
3)
Note: the nasociliary, frontal and lacrimal nerves are branches of the ophthalmic branch (V1) of CN V, ________________ nerve

A

1) nasociliary
2) abducent
3) Oculomotor
4) trigeminal

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29
Q

The Oculomotor nerve is cranial nerve III and is the chief _______________ nerve to most of the muscles of the orbit

A

motor

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30
Q

Motor neurons from the OCULOMOTOR NUCLEUS, along with PARASYMPATHETIC fibers from the ___________________, combine to form CN III

A

EDINGER-WESTPHAL NUCLEUS

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31
Q

CNIII emerges from the ____________________ of the midbrain

A

interpeduncular fossa

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32
Q

The oculomotor nerve passes between the posterior cerebral artery and the ___________________

A

superior cerebellar artery

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33
Q

The oculomotor nerve pierces the dura mater of the cranial cavity and courses THROUGH the __________________

A

CAVERNOUS SINUS

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34
Q

The oculomotor nerve courses between the greater and lesser wings of the SPHENOID BONE and THROUGH the _________________ and _____________________

A

1) superior orbital fissure
2) common tendinous ring

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35
Q

(oculomotor)
it splits into an upper and lower division:
a) the UPPER DIVISION of CNIII courses to and supplies the SUPERIOR RECTUS and _____________________________________

A

levator palpebrae superioris muscles

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36
Q

(oculomotor)
the LOWER DIVISION of CN III courses to and supplies the MEDIAL RECTUS, INFERIOR RECTUS, and _____________________________

A

inferior oblique muscles

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37
Q

The parasympathetic fibers of CNIII allow for:

A

1) Constriction of pupil
2) Accommodation by changing the shape of the lens

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38
Q

Clinical note: (oculomotor nerve)
Since this nerve courses between the posterior cerebral artery and the superior cerebellar artery, an ANEURYSM to one of these vessels can cause compression of this nerve.
This would result in:

A

1) The eyeball is directed down and out
2) Drooping of the eyelid (ptosis)

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39
Q

The trochlear nerve is cranial nerve IV and is ____________ in type

A

motor

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40
Q

The trochlear nerve has fibers that arise from the TROCHLEAR NUCLEUS in the?

A

Midbrain

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41
Q

The trochlear nerve is the only nerve , cranial or spinal, that arises from the ______________ part of the CNS

A

Dorsal

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42
Q

CN IV winds around the CEREBRAL PEDUNCLES and pierces the dura mater to course anteriorly THROUGH the ____________________. It then traverse THROUGH the ________________________ and ____________ the COMMON TENDINOUS RING to supply the ____________________

A

1) Cavernous sinus
2) above
3) superior orbital fissure
4) SUPERIOR oblique muscle

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43
Q

Clinical note:
Trochlear nerve lesions rarely occur, but when they do the superior oblique muscle becomes paralyzed. This results in the eyeball drifting ___________________ causing VERTICAL DIPLOPIA

A

superomedially

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44
Q

In vertical diplopia, patients see duplicate images placed above and below each other. The patient would have to tilt the head to the ________________ side to minimize the effect of vertical diplopia

A

opposite

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45
Q

The abducent nerve is cranial nerve VI and is ___________ in type

A

Motor

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46
Q

The ABDUCENT NUCLEUS lies within the _______________

A

Pons

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47
Q

What emerges from the brainstem between the medulla and the pons, close to the midline?

A

CN VI Abducent

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48
Q

The CN VI (abducent) pierces the dura mater to course ________________ the CAVERNOUS SINUS, SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE, and the COMMON TENDINOUS RING supplying the _______________ only. Thus, it allows solely for __________________ of the eye.

A

1) Through
2) Lateral rectus muscle
3) abduction

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49
Q

Clinical note:
damage to CN VI results in the inability to ____________ the affected eye

A

abduct

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50
Q

The trigeminal nerve is cranial nerve V and is ______________ in type

A

mixed

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51
Q

CN V subdivides into 3 branches:

A

1) Ophthalmic nerve: ophthalmic division of CNV
2) Maxillary nerve: V2, maxillary division of CN V
3) Mandibular nerve: V3, mandibular division of CN V

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52
Q

The trigeminal nerve is ______________ for the FACE and ___________ to the muscles of _______________.

A

1) sensory
2) motor
3) mastication

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53
Q

The MOTOR ROOT of CN V courses in

A

V3

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54
Q

CN V originates from the ___________________

A

Pons mid-laterally

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55
Q

The CN V (trigeminal nerve) pierces the dura mater and continues to the area on either side of the sphenoid body in the middle cranial fossa where it expands as a ganglion.
- the ganglion here is called _____________
-CN V divides into its __ subdivisions at the site of this ganglion

A

1) Trigeminal, semilunar, or Gasserian ganglion
2) 3

56
Q

The ophthalmic nerve is the _____________ division of the Trigeminal nerve

A

First

57
Q

V1

A

ophthalmic nerve

58
Q

V1 courses forward from the cranial cavity and _________________________, dividing into its 3 branches just ____________ traversing the SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE

A

1) CAVERNOUS SINUS
2) BEFORE

59
Q

what are the 3 branches from the ophthalmic nerve (V1)?

A

1) Nasociliary
2) Frontal
3) Lacrimal

60
Q

The NASOCILIARY NERVE carries the _______________ nerve fibers that are involved in the CORNEAL BLINK REFLEX

A

SENSORY

61
Q

The FRONTAL NERVE (from that branched off the ophthalmic nerve V1) divides at a variable point into 2 branches that both supply the _______________ and ______________. These branches are named the:
__________________ and _______________

A

1) Forehead
2) Central scalp
3) Supraorbital nerve
4) Supratrochlear nerve

62
Q

The LACRIMAL NERVE courses along the orbit to the lacrimal gland to provide ________________ innervation to the:
1) Lacrimal gland
2) Conjunctiva
3) ______________________________
4) Majority of the nose, excluding the ala
5) ethmoid and frontal sinuses

A

1) Sensory
2) Lateral portion of the UPPER eyelid

63
Q

V2

A

Maxillary nerve

64
Q

The maxillary nerve is the ________________ division of the trigeminal nerve

A

second

65
Q

(V2 MAXILLARY)
After the cranial cavity and CAVERNOUS SINUS, V2 traverses the ____________________ and passes forward to the PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA

A

ROTUNDUM

66
Q

The maxillary nerve has two small communicating branches that connect it to the ___________________________

A

pterygopalatine ganglion

67
Q

Branches of V2 (maxillary) supply the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and the ______________

A

palate

68
Q

V2 (maxillary) gives rise to the ______________________, which supplies the superior dental plexus

A

superior alveolar nerves

69
Q

The maxillary nerve then divides into the _________________ and _______________

A

1) Zygomatic
2) Infraorbital

70
Q

The maxillary nerve that divided into the ZYGOMATIC NERVE splits into the:
1) ZYGOMATICOTEMPORAL NERVE, which supplies the skin of the ______________________ after passing through the zygomaticotemporal foramen
2) ZYGOMATICOFACIAL NERVE, which supplies the skin on the _______________________ after passing through the zygomaticofacial foramen

A

1) ANTEROLATERAL SCALP
2) ANTERIOR CHEEK

71
Q

The __________________ courses through the INFRAORBITAL GROOVE, AND FORAMEN, in that order, to give branches that will supply the LOWER EYELID, UPPER LIP, AND ALA, OF THE NOSE

A

INFRAORBITAL NERVE

72
Q

V3

A

mandibular nerve

73
Q

The mandibular nerve is the _____________ division of the Trigeminal nerve

A

Third

74
Q

The mandibular nerve supplies the?

A

lateral head, mouth and gums

75
Q

The mandibular nerve courses through the ___________________________ and gives off a series of branches that include the:
1) _____________
2) ___________
3)____________

A

Foramen ovale
1) Buccal nerve
2) Lingual nerve
3) inferior alveolar nerve

76
Q

what nerve is used for Sensation to the skin of the lateral cheek, over the BUCCINATOR MUSCLE

A

BACCAL NERVE

77
Q

_____________________ carries a branch of CN VII known as the chorda tympani to the _________________ 2/3rds of the TONGUE
-While the ___________________ 2/3rds of the tongue is provided with general SENSATION by the lingual nerve, it is the chorda tympani nerve that provides the sense of __________________

A

1) Lingual nerve
2) Anterior
3) Anterior
4) Taste

78
Q

_____________________ courses through the MANDIBULAR FORAMEN forms the INFERIOR DENTAL PLEXUS, supplying the lower teeth
-the inferior alveolar nerve then gives off the __________________, which courses through the MENTAL FORAMEN supplying the LOWER LIP and CHIN
-the mental nerve ends as the _____________________________ which gives supply to the INCISOR TEETH

A

1) Inferior alveolar nerve
2) mental nerve
3) incisive branch

79
Q

Clinical note: (Mandibular nerve)
Damage to any sensory component of CNV will result in a _____________________, which is a loss of SENSATION to the corresponding area of cutaneous supply

A

FACIAL HEMIANESTHESIA

80
Q

(motor root of CN V)
The motor root of the trigeminal nerve arises from the _____________________ of CN V at the MID-LEVEL of the PONS, which lies medial to the main sensory nucleus. It courses with the MANDIBULAR NERVE (V3) as it traverses the FORAMEN OVALE, to supply the muscles involved in _____________________

A

1) Motor nucleus
2) mastication

81
Q

Clinical note for motor root of CNV:
-damage to the motor root of CN V results in jaw weakness. When a patient is asked to open the mouth, an ____________________ deviation of the jaw occurs

A

Ipsilateral

82
Q

CN VII

A

Facial nerve

83
Q

The facial nerve is cranial nerve VII and is __________ in type

A

Mixed

84
Q

CN VII attaches to the _________________ of the PONS at the PONTOMEDULLARY JUNCTION

A

1) LOWER BORDER
2) PONTOMEDULLARY JUNCTION

85
Q

The CN VII passes with CN VIII, the vestibulocochlear nerve through the ____________________

A

internal auditory (acoustic) meatus

86
Q

As the facial nerve courses through the temporal bone, it expands and extends at the _________________________

A

Geniculate ganglion

87
Q

CN VII gives off a number of branches. Its proximal branches are the greater petrosal nerve, motor branches, and the chorda tympani nerve.
a) The GREATER PETROSAL NERVE arises from the ____________________ and carries PARASYMPATHETIC fibers that join with ______________________ fibers to supply the LACRIMAL AND NASAL GLANDS

A

1) GENICULATE GANGLION
2) sympathetic

88
Q

CN VII gives off a number of branches. Its proximal branches are the greater petrosal nerve, motor branches, and the chorda tympani nerve.
b) MOTOR BRANCHES to the following muscles:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

A

1)** STAPEDIUS (helps dampen loud sounds)
2) Stylohyoid (important for swallowing)
3) posterior diagastric
4) platysma
5) other muscles of facial expression

89
Q

CN VII gives off a number of branches. Its proximal branches are the greater petrosal nerve, motor branches, and the chorda tympani nerve.
c) Distal to the geniculate ganglion, CN VII also gives off the CHORDA TYMPANI NERVE, which passes between the bones of the ________________.
—The chorda tympani nerve then joins the ______________________ (branches of V3) to mediate the sense of _______________ to the ANTERIOR 2/3rds of the TONGUE
—It also carries _______________ fibers to the SUBMANDIBULAR GANGLION, which supplies the SUBMANDIBULAR and ________________________

A

1) MIDDLE EAR
2) LINGUAL NERVE
3) TASTE
4) Parasympathetic
5) Sublingual glands

90
Q

The facial nerve exits the skull through the ______________________ and then courses through the _______________________, where it becomes web-like and is called ___________________
a) FIVE branches arise off of the parotid plexus from CN VII
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

A

1) Stylomastoid foramen
2) Parotid gland

Two Zebras Bit My Chin
1) Temporal
2) Zygomatic
3) Buccal
4) Marginal mandibular
5) Cervical

91
Q

Clinical Note:
Injury to this results in a vast array of clinical deficiencies:
-Damage to the taste fibers will cause loss of taste on the anterior ______________ of the tongue (anterior ageusia)

A

2/3rds

92
Q

Clinical Note:
Damage to the fibers supplying stylohyoid will result in difficulty swallowing _____________

A

dysphagia

93
Q

Impairment of the fibers traveling to the lacrimal gland will result in _______________

A

corneal dryness

94
Q

When innervation to the salivary and nasal glands is impaired, what occurs?

A

dryness of the moth and nasal cavities occur

95
Q

Increases sensitivity to sound (________________). This occurs when stapedius is not innervated

A

hyperacusis

96
Q

Damage to the motor fibers results in paralysis of the muscles of _________________

A

facial expression

97
Q

BELLS PALSY results as an ___________ form of PARALYSIS to CN VII and presents a ONE-SIDED weakness of the face

A

acute

98
Q

The vestibulocochlear nerve is cranial nerve VIII and is ______________ in type

A

sensory

99
Q

The vestibulocochlear nerve is attached to the base of the brain at the _____________ of the PONS at the PONTOMEDULLAY JUNCTION, LATERAL to the emergence of CN VII

A

Lower border

100
Q

CNVIII has two parts, both of which enter at the ____________________________ of the brain stem. They then connect through the INTERNAL AUDITORY (ACOUSTIC) MEATUS to synapse at the ___________ found on the floor of the ______________ in the brainstem
-The 2 parts include the:
1)
2)

A

1) pontomedullary junction
2) VESTIBULAR NUCLEI
3) 4th ventricle

1) Vestibular portion
2) Cochlear portion

101
Q

Vestibular Portion from the ____________________. the vestibular fibers convey EQUILIBRIUM-related status from the inner ear to the brain

A

semicircular canals

102
Q

Cochlear portion from the _____________ and its related parts. The cochlear fibers convey HEARING-related messages to the brain

A

cochlea

103
Q

Clinical notes:
a) Damage to the ___________ portion of CN VIII or the semicircular canals will result in DISEQUILIBRIUM and an absence of the VESTIBULO-OCULAR REFLEX (VOR)
b) Damage to the ___________ portion of CN VIII or the cochlea will result in HEARING LOSS

A

1) vestibular
2) cochlea

104
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve is cranial nerve IX and is _______ in type

A

mixed

105
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve attaches to the MEDULLA, ___________ to the olive, and __________ to CN X, vagus nerve

A

1) Lateral
2) superior

106
Q

CN IX, along with CN X and CN XI, accessory nerve, and the sigmoid sinus, traverse the ___________________
- once the sigmoid sinus passes through the jugular foramen, it becomes the _____________________

A

1) jugular foramen
2) internal jugular vein

107
Q

Parasympathetic fibers within CN IX travel to the ________________ to stimulate the _________________ to produce SALIVA

A

1) OTIC
2) PAROTID

108
Q

CNXI provides motor control of the __________________________, which is an important muscle for SWALLOWING

A

stylopharyngeus

109
Q

Fibers of CN IX supply BOTH ___________ and __________ to the POSTERIOR 1/3rd of the TONGUE. It also provides sensory supply to the:
1)
2)
3)
4)

A

1) sensation
2) taste

1) Posterior oral cavity
2) tonsillar region
3) Eustachian tube
4) Middle ear

110
Q

The _________________ and body monitor blood pressure and oxygen levels, respectively and send those impulses to the brain via CN IX

A

caotid bulb or sinus

111
Q

Clinical Note:
Injury CN IX (glossopharyngeal) nerve results in multiple clinical deficiencies:
1) Impairment of fibers traveling to the parotid gland will result in a slight reduction in ______________

A

salivation

112
Q

Injury CN IX (glossopharyngeal) nerve results in multiple clinical deficiencies:
2) Damage to the motor fibers results in difficulty swallowing. What is this called?

A

dysphagia

113
Q

Injury CN IX (glossopharyngeal) nerve results in multiple clinical deficiencies:
A ______________ will not be present if the SENSORY fibers to the posterior oral cavity are damage

A

gag reflex

114
Q

Injury CN IX (glossopharyngeal) nerve results in multiple clinical deficiencies:
3) Damage to the taste fibers will cause the loss of taste on the posterior ______________ of the tongue (POSTERIOR AGEUSIA)

A

1/3RD

115
Q

Injury CN IX (glossopharyngeal) nerve results in multiple clinical deficiencies:
4) A loss of the CAROTID SINUS REFLEX will occur if the fibers traveling from the carotid bulb and sinus experience a _______________________

A

Bilateral lesion

116
Q

CN X

A

Vagus nerve

117
Q

The vagus nerve is cranial nerve X and is _________ in type

A

mixed

118
Q

The vagus nerve attaches to the MEDULLA, _______________ to the olive, _____________ CN IX and CN XI

A

1) lateral
2) between

119
Q

Vagus (like a vagabond) is a nerve that travels from the HEAD to the _______ to the THORAX to the _________

A

1) neck
2) abdomen

120
Q

CNX, along with CNIX, CN XI and the sigmoid sinus, transverse the ______________

A

jugular foramen

121
Q

Once it becomes the internal jugular vein it then heads inferiorly, traveling ANTERIOR to the ______________ ANTERIOR muscle in the neck, where it lies ________ the CAROTID SHEATH with the internal or common carotid artery and the internal jugular vein.
The nerve then courses through the thorax, ______________ to the root of the lung (posterior to the primary bronchus), to travel on the surface of the ESOPHAGUS, and through the ESOPHAGEAL OPENING of the ___________ to reach the abdomen
Along this long pathway, the vagus nerve gives off a series of branches:
a) it gives off _________________ fibers that supply the LARYNX, which are important for VOCALIZATION, namely the:
1)
2)

A

1) Scalene
2) IN
3) posterior
4) diaphragm
5) Motor

1) superior laryngeal nerve
2) Recurrent laryngeal nerve

122
Q

Motor fibers of CN X also supply muscles that are important for ____________

A

swallowing

123
Q

CN X _________________ fibers will supply the:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

A

sensory

1) Pharynx
2) Larynx
3) Epiglottis
4) External ear
5) Auditory canal
6) Lower respiratory system
7) Majority of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, up to the PROXIMAL HALF of the large intestine

124
Q

CNX carries impulses from receptor in the ______________

A

aortic bulb or sinus

125
Q

The autonomic fibers traveling through CNX function as BRONCHOCHONSTRICTORS, CARDIAC DEPRESSORS, and are involved in ________________________

A

GI MOTILITY AND SECRETION

126
Q

Damage to CN X may result in
1) Damage to the motor fibers results in difficulty swallowing ( _______________)
2) Weak or _________ voice
3) ___________ of the soft palate
4) ________________ deviation of the uvula
5) _________________ of the external auditory canal, pharynx, and larynx
6) Loss of the _______________

A

1) dysphagia
2) Hoarse
3) sagging
4) Contralateral
5) Hemianesthesia
6) cough

127
Q

The accessory nerve is cranial nerve XI and is ____________ in type

A

motor

128
Q

Cranial nerve XI is made up of a ____________________ and a spinal portion

A

cranial

129
Q

The cranial portion of CN XI arises from the medulla, _____________ to the olive, and _____________ to CN X
a) it joins CN X immediately after both parts pass through the JUGULAR FORAMEN
b) The cranial portion forms the _______________ fibers of the _______________ LARYNGEAL NERVE, which is a branch from CN X

A

1) Lateral
2) inferior
3) motor
4) recurrent

130
Q

The SPINAL PORTION of CN XI arises from the upper part of the spinal cord, at levels ___________. This is also called the ________________________.
a) It ascends through the ______________ to enter the cranial cavity
b) It then courses through a second foramen, the __________________, exiting into the neck where it innervates the STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID AND TRAPEZIUS muscles

A

1) C1-C5
2) Spinal accessory nerve
3) FORAMEN MAGNUM
4) Jugular Foramen

131
Q

Clinical note: CN XI
Injury to the CRANIAL PORTION of CNXI results in ______________

A

hoarseness

132
Q

Clinical note: CN XI
Injury to the SPINAL PORTION of CN XI results in an __________________ WEAKNESS when shrugging the shoulders and turning the head towards the _________________

A

1) ipsilateral
2) opposite side

133
Q

The hypoglossal nerve is cranial nerve XII and is _____________ in type

A

motor

134
Q

The hypoglossal nerve attaches to the MEDULLA, _____________ to the olive. It arises from the _________________ via rootlets that emerge between the OLIVE and the _____________ of the medulla oblongata.

A

1) medial
2) hypoglossal nucleus
3) pyramid

135
Q

CN XI passes through the ______________ just above the occipital condyles of the occipital bone
-it travels forward and _______ to the intrinsic and several extrinsic muscle of the ___________ to ultimately enter and supply them.

A

1) Hypoglossal canal
2) deep
3) tongue

136
Q

Injury to CN XII results in:
1)
2)
3)

A

1) TONGUE DEVIATION TOWARD the side of the damage
2) IPSILATERAL ATROPHY of the tongue
3) FASCICULATIONS, which are small, local involuntary muscle twitches

137
Q
A

Neuroanatomy (26 decks)

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