chapter 16 Flashcards
which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding the nerves to the orbit?
a) CNII and the ophthalmic artery course through the optic canal and within the common tendinous ring
b) The lateral rectus muscle is supplied by abducens nerve
c) the common tendinous ring is a circle of cartilage that gives origin to the 4 rectus muscles
d) the frontal nerve (branch of V1) passes through the superior orbital fissure and through the common tendinous ring
d) the frontal nerve (branch of V1) passes through the superior orbital fissure and through the common tendinous ring
Which of the following cranial nerves is INCORRECTLY paired with its associated damage?
a) CNII- Ptosis
b) CN VII- Bell’s palsy
c) Motor root of CN V - contralateral deviation of the jaw
d) Trochlear nerve - vertical diplopia
c) motor root of CNV - contralateral deviation of the jaw
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
a) Damage to the hypoglossal nerve results in ipsilateral atrophy of the tongue
b) the vagus nerve attaches to the medulla, lateral to the olive, between CN IX and CN XI
c) the spinal portion of CN XI arises from the upper part of the spinal cord, at level C1-c4
d) the facial nerve exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen
c) the spinal portion of the CNXI arises from the upper part of the spinal cord, at level C1-C4
Which of the following is NOT a branch that arises off of the parotid plexus from CN VII
a) Buccal
b) Frontal
c) Zygomatic
d) temporal
b) frontal
What are the 12 pairs of cranial nerves according to their brain attachment, they are named from ANTERIOR to POSTERIOR:
1) CN I (olfactory nerve)
2) CN II (optic nerve)
3) CN III (oculomotor nerve)
4) CN IV (trochlear nerve)
5) CN V (Trigeminal nerve)
6) CN VI (abducent, abducens)
7) CN VII ( facial nerve)
8) CN VIII vestibulocochlear (acoustic, auditory) nerve
9) CNIX (glossopharyngeal nerve)
10) CN X (vagus nerve)
11) CN XI (accessory nerve)
12) CN XII (hypoglossal nerve)
the olfactory nerve is cranial nerve I and is ______________ in type
sensory
The olfactory nerve begins with RECEPTOR CELLS within the ________________________, which are located in the mucosa over the superior nasal conchae and the upper 1/3rd** of the nasal septum
olfactory epithelium
(olfactory nerve)
The ___ to 20 filaments that pass from this mucosa traverse the _________________ of the ethmoid bone, leaving the nasal cavity to end in the anterior cranial fossa’s ____________________
1) 15
2) cribriform plate
3) olfactory BULB
(olfactory nerve)
Here a synapse is made with _________________, which convey an impulse from the olfactory bulb along the olfactory tract to the point where the tract divides into 2 striae:
a) The ___________________ olfactory stria terminates in the UNCUS at the anterior part of the temporal lobe
b) The __________________ olfactory stria crosses through the ANTERIOR COMMISSURE to reach the uncus on the contralateral side
c) the uncus of the temporal lobe is where the sense of smell is mediated
1) Mitral cells
2) Lateral
3) Medial
(olfactory nerve)
Clinical note:
Olfactory is the sense of smell. Olfactory cells decrease with age, resulting in the loss of smell. This is known as __________________
anosmia
The optic nerve is cranial nerve II and is ___________ in type
sensory
(optic nerve)
the inner layer of the eye is known as the ___________ which gives rise to the OPTIC NERVE
retina
(optic nerve)
The optic nerves course POSTERO-MEDIALLY to cross at the ____________________
Optic chiasma
The optic chiasma lies just _________________ to the infundibulum (the hypophyseal stalk of the pituitary gland) and the mammillary bodies
anterior
(optic nerve)
Posterior to the optic chiasma, the axons form ____________________.
Optic tracts
(optic nerve)
The optic tracts pass posteriorly to the cerebrum and divide into 2 pathways:
a) the majority of the axons will course to the _______________________
b) A smaller number of the axons will pass through the lateral geniculate nucleus and continue to the ________________________
a) Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
b) Superior colliculi
(optic nerve)
Axons from the lateral geniculate nucleus (or indirectly from the superior collculi) course via ___________________ to the CALCARINE FISSURE of the occipital lobe, where sight is interpreted
optic radiations
Clinical note:
damage to CNII causes
Blindness
CNII mediates the sense of
light
(optic nerve)
What are the 3 nerves that give supply to the muscles of the orbit? These nerves supply the orbital structures, including the __________________ extra-ocular sk
1) CNIII, oculomotor nerve
2) CN IV, trochlear nerve
3) CN VI, abducent nerve
The 3 nerves that supply the muscles of the orbit supply the orbital structures, including the __________________ extra-ocular skeletal muscles:
a)
b)
c)
1) 7
a) 4 rectus muscles
b) 2 oblique muscles
c) lateral palpebrae superioris muscle
(Optic nerve)
LR, or LATERAL RECTUS, is supplied by
CN VI
(optic nerve)
SO, or SUPERIOR OBLIQUE, is supplied by
CN IV
The remaining ____ muscles (superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, and levator palpebrae superioris) are innervated by ______
1) 5
2) III