chapter 30

Question 1

Gray matter of the spinal cord- an area of cell bodies ___________ the central nervous system

Answer 1

Within

Question 2

The gray matter contains enlargements known as the ________________ and the ventral horns (motor)

Answer 2

dorsal horns (SENSORY)

Question 3

White matter of the spinal cord- an area of fibers ____________ within the central nervous system. The white matter is divided into posterior, lateral, and ________________. These are columns of nerve bundles containing tracts that course up and down, to and from the brain. This includes tracts like the corticospinal tract for voluntary movement

Answer 3

1) Mainly AXONS
2) ANTERIOR FUNICULI

Question 4

Dorsal root- arises from the dorsal surface of the spinal cord. The dorsal root contains _________ neurons only

Answer 4

SENSORY

Question 5

Dorsal root ganglion- An enlarged portion of the dorsal root. A ganglion is defined as an area of cell bodies _____________ of the central nervous system. the dorsal root ganglion contains _____________ of sensory neurons

Answer 5

1) Outside
2) Cell bodies

Question 6

Ventral root- Arises from the ventral surface of the spinal cord. The ventral root contains axons of _____________ neurons only

Answer 6

MOTOR

Question 7

Spinal nerve- The ventral root joins with the dorsal root to form the spinal nerve. The spinal nerve divides into the ventral and dorsal _______

Answer 7

rami

Question 8

Ventral ramus- The larger ventral ramus supplies the entire ____________, as well as the appendages. The ventral ramus contains ____________________

Answer 8

1) ANTERIOR TRUNK
2) Both sensory and motor neurons

Question 9

Dorsal ramus- The smaller dorsal ramus supplies structures of the __________. The dorsal ramus contains _________________

Answer 9

1) Back
2) Both sensory and motor neurons

Question 10

Sensory neurons- the cell bodies is in the dorsal root ganglion. Sensory neurons are also __________________

Answer 10

AFFERENT NEURONS

Question 11

Interneurons neuron- Shown synapsing with a _______________. It is also shown crossing the other side of the spinal cord, leaving the _____________, entering the ______________, and beginning to ascend through the cord

Answer 11

1) Motor neuron
2) Gray matter
3) white matter

Question 12

Motor neuron- the cell body is in the gray matter of the spinal cord, and its axon passing through the white matter into the ____________. Motor neurons are also called _______________

Answer 12

1) Ventral root
2) EFFERENT NEURONS

Question 13

The spinal cord is a long cylindrical mass of nervous tissue that occupies the upper _________________ of the vertebral canal. It is connected to the brain superiorly, where it is continuous with the medulla oblongata. It extends inferiorly to the level of _________

Answer 13

1) TWO-THIRD
2) LV2

Question 14

The lower end of the spinal cord has a conical shape and is termed the ______________________. It presents enlargements in the cervical and lumbar regions, where the cell bodies of the neurons for the upper limb and lower limb are located
1)
2)

Answer 14

Conus medullaris
1) Cervical enlargement
2) Lumbosacral enlargement

Question 15

the CERVICAL ENLARGEMENT is located from the __________________ spinal segments

Answer 15

C5 to T1

Question 16

The LUMBOSACRAL ENLARGEMENT is located from the __________________ spinal segments

Answer 16

L1 to S3

Question 17

Below the vertebral level of ________, the canal is occupied by the ___________________:
1) This consists of the long roots of the lower spinal nerves and the _______________, which descends in a bundle from the conus medullaris
2) Because of the difference in length of the spinal cord and the vertebral canal, the level of attachment of the spinal root to the cord is ______________ than the level of emergence of the spinal nerve

Answer 17

1) LV2
2) Cauda equina
3) Filum terminal
4) Higher

Question 18

At each segment, the ______________ an the ____________ join to form the spinal nerve. there are ______ pairs of spinal nerves. The first pair of spinal nerves (C1) emerges between the ______ and the skull. The C2 to C7 nerves emerge ________ the correspondingly numbered vertebrae. The C8 pair emerges below ________. The remaining spinal nerve (T1-Cx-1) emerge _______ the correspondingly numbered vertebrae

Answer 18

1) Dorsal root
2) Ventral root
3) 31
4) Atlas
5) Above
6)CV7
7) below

Question 19

Cervical region
Number of nerve pairs:
Nerve Names:

Answer 19

Number of nerve pairs: 8 PAIRS
Nerve Names: C1-C8

Question 20

Thoracic region
Number of nerve pairs:
Nerve Names:

Answer 20

Number of nerve pairs: 12 pairs
Nerve Names: T1-T12

Question 21

Lumbar region:
Number of nerve pairs:
Nerve Names:

Answer 21

Number of nerve pairs: 5 pairs
Nerve Names: L1-L5

Question 22

Sacral region
Number of nerve pairs:
Nerve Names:

Answer 22

Number of nerve pairs: 5 pairs
Nerve Names: S1-S5***

Question 23

Coccygeal region
Number of nerve pairs:
Nerve Names:

Answer 23

Number of nerve pairs: 1 pair
Nerve Names: Cx1

Question 24

Which spinal nerve can be found exiting just superior to vertebra prominens?

Answer 24

C7

Question 25

Which spinal nerve can be found exiting just inferior to TV10?

Answer 25

T10

Question 26

Which spinal nerve can be found exiting just superior to SV3?

Answer 26

S2

Question 27

Arteries supplying the spinal cord include one ________________ and ______________

Answer 27

1) 1 Anterior spinal artery 2) 2 posterior spinal arteries

Question 28

The brain and spinal cord are surrounded and protected by 3 layers of connective tissue, collectively termed?

Answer 28

MENINGES

Question 29

From external to internal, the meninges consists if the? 1) 2) 3)

Answer 29

1) Dura mater 2) Arachnoid mater 3) Pia mater

Question 30

The dura mater is the _______________ meninx. it is composed of dense, tough, fibrous connective tissue

Answer 30

outermost

Question 31

The dura of the spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum, where it is continuous with the dura mater that surrounds the brain to the __________ at _______ and further to its inferior attachment to the coccyx called the _____________

Answer 31

1) Dural sac 2) SV2 3) Filum of the dura

Question 32

The space external to the spinal dura mater is termed the?

Answer 32

Epidural space

Question 33

The epidural space contains __________ in the form of gobules of fat. In addition to this fat, the spindural space contains the _______________

Answer 33

1) adipose tissue 2) Vertebral venous plexus

Question 34

The vertebral venous plexus, clinically referred to as _______________ connect superiorly with the dural sinuses of the cranial cavity

Answer 34

BATSON's VEIN

Question 35

BATSON's vein communicate with veins external to the vertebrae via _________________. Due to their close proximity, if an _____________________ becomes dilated it may compress a spinal nerve

Answer 35

INTERVERTEBRAL veins

Question 36

The arachnoid mater is the ____________________ 1) It is delicate, loose, netlike membrane that surrounds the brain, courses and extends through the foramen magnum, through the vertebral column to _____ 2) It is separated from the pia mater by the ________________, which is the space containing the CSF

Answer 36

1) INTERMEDIATE meninx 2) S2 3) SUBARACHNOID SPACE

Question 37

The pia mater is the __________ layer of the meninges. 1) It is delicate connective tissue that adheres to the surface of the brain and ____________ 2) It extends from the foramen magnum, where it is continuous with the cerebral pia mater inferiorly through the vertebral column to the end of the spinal cord, the conus medullaris, and further as an inferior entension

Answer 37

1) INNERMOST 2) spinal cord

Question 38

There are two extensions of the pia mater: i. The __________________ ligament forms a series of toothlike lateral extensions of the pia from the lateral surface of the spinal cord 1. These extensions attach at intervals along the internal surface of the dura and arachnoid of the cord 2. These extensions are made up of pia mater and are clinically important because they separate the ventral roots of spinal nerves from dorsal roots ii. In addition, a single inferior extension of the pia mater is found from the conus medullaris inferiorly through the vertebral column embedded within the roots of the cauda equina 1. This extension is called the _______________ 2. It is attached inferiorly at the coccyx

Answer 38

1) denticulate 2) filum terminale

Question 39

The spinal nerve arises from the: a. Ventral ramus and dorsal ramus b. Ventral root and dorsal root c. White matter of the spinal cord

Answer 39

b. Ventral root and dorsal root

Question 40

Which statement about the spinal cord is incorrect? a. Gray matter of the spinal cord is an area of cell bodies within the CNS b. White matter is an area of fibers outside the CNS c. The ventral ramus supplies the appendages d. The dorsal ramus supplies the back

Answer 40

b. White matter is an area of fibers outside the CNS

Question 41

A sensory neuron has its cell body in the a. White matter of the spinal cord b. Ventral root c. Dorsal root ganglion d. Dorsal ramus

Answer 41

c. Dorsal root ganglion

Question 42

4) Of the three meninges, which is the toughest? a. Pia mater b. Arachnoid mater c. Dura mater

Answer 42

c. Dura mater

Question 43

5) Which of the following statements is correct? a. All three meninges extend from the foramen magnum to the coccyx b. The epidural space contains cerebral spinal fluid c. The subarachnoid space lies between the arachnoid mater and dura mater d. Denticulate ligaments and filum terminale are extensions of pia mater

Answer 43

d. Denticulate ligaments and filum terminale are extensions of pia mater