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Neuroanatomy > chapter 25 > Flashcards

chapter 25 Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ is the region of the body between the head and the thorax

A

neck

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2
Q

The neck has ____ bones

A

8

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3
Q

The neck has _____ cranial vertebrae:

A

7

1) CV1 (atlas)
2) CV2 (axis)
3) CV3 to CV6
4) CV7 (vertebra a prominens)

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4
Q

The eight bone in the neck is the ___________

A

Hyoid bone

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5
Q

The hyoid bone lies in the anterior portion of the neck between the mandible and the _____________. It is a U-shaped bone with an opening ________________. Anteriorly, it presents a ____________.

A

1) Larynx
2) Posteriorly
3) Body

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6
Q

Projecting from the body of the hyoid bone from the body posteriorly are the ____________ and the smaller _______________. It does ____ articulate with any other bone, but is suspended by the attaching muscles.

A

1) Greater horns
2) lesser horns
3) NOT

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7
Q

Cartilage of the neck are:

A

1) Larynx
2) Trachea

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8
Q

What is a cartilaginous organ located at the upper end of the trachea and it consists of several catilages, the largest of which is the THYROID cartilkage?

A

LARYNX (voice box)

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9
Q

What is the catilaginous pipe that extends from the larynx above inferiorly through the neck into the thorax?

A

Trachea

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10
Q

What are the types of glands located neat the hyoid bone?

A

1) thyroid gland
2) parathyroid gland

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11
Q

What gland is an endocrine gland located on either side of the trachea just below the larynx?

A

Thyroid gland

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12
Q

The thyroid gland consists of two LOBES connected across the trachea by the _______________

A

ISTHMUS

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13
Q

Two to four endocrine glands are located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland what are they called?

A

Parathyroid gland

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14
Q

The thyroid and parathyroid glands are both supplied by the superior and inferior _____________

A

thyroid arteries

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15
Q

What are the muscles of the neck?

A

i. Platysma (subcutaneous muscle)
ii. Sternocleidomastoid
iii. Infrahyoid muscles
iv. Suprahyoid muscles
v. Scalene muscles
vi. Prevertebral muscles

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16
Q

i. Origin: Skin over the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles
ii. Insertion: lower border of the mandible
iii. Action: Elevation of the skin of the neck
iv. Innervation: CN VII, facial nerve

A

Platysma (subcutaneous muscle)

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17
Q

i. Origin: Sternal head: Manubrium of the sternum and clavicular head: medial third of the clavicle
ii. Insertion: Mastoid process of the skull
iii. Action: Unilateral: rotation of the head to the opposite side and Bilateral: flexion of the head at the neck
iv. Innervation: CNXI, accessory nerve

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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18
Q

i. Origin: thyroid cartilage
ii. Insertion: Hyoid bone
iii. Action: elevation of the larynx during speech and swallowing and Depression of the hyoid during speech and swallowing
iv. Innervation: C1 via CN XII, hypoglossal nerve

A

Thyrohyoid

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19
Q

i. Origin: Manubrium of the sternum
ii. Insertion: Hyoid bone
iii. Action: Depression of the larynx and hyoid during speech and swallowing
iv. Innervation: Ansa cervicalis

A

Sternohyoid

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20
Q

i. Origin: Manubrium of the sternum
ii. Insertion: thyroid cartilage
iii. Action: Depression of the larynx and hyoid during speech and swallowing
iv. Innervation: Ansa cervicalis

A

Sternothyroid

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21
Q

i. Origin: Superior border of the scapula
ii. Insertion: Hyoid bone
iii. Action: Depression of the larynx and hyoid during speech and swallowing
iv. Innervation: Ansa cervicalis

A

Omohyoid

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22
Q

Suprahyoid muscles:

A

a. Digastric
b. Stylohyoid
c. Mylohyoid
d. Geniohyoid

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23
Q

Scalene muscles:

A

1) Scalene anterior
2) Scalene medius
3) scalene posterior
4) scalene triangle

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24
Q

i. Origin: Cervical vertebrae
ii. Insertion: First rib
iii. Action: Lateral flexion of the neck and Elevation of the 1st rib
iv. Innervation: Ventral rami

A

Scalene anterior

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25
Q

i. Origin: cervical vertebrae
ii. Insertion: First rib
iii. Action: lateral flexion of the neck and elevation of the 1st rib
iv. Innervation: ventral rami

A

Scalene medius

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26
Q

i. Origin: Cervical vertebrae
ii. Insertion: Second rib
iii. Action: lateral flexion of the neck and elevation of the 2nd rib
iv. Innervation: ventral rami

A

Scalene posterior

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27
Q

Anterior to the scalene anterior

A
  1. Phrenic nerve
  2. Common carotid artery and internal carotid artery
  3. Internal jugular vein
  4. Subclavian vein
  5. CN X, vagus nerve
28
Q

Posterior to the scalene anterior

A
  1. Subclavian artery
  2. Brachial plexus
29
Q

scalene triangle

A

i. Scalene anterior (anterior boundary)
ii. Scalene medius (posterior)
iii. First rib (inferior)

30
Q

Prevertebral muscles

A

1) Longus capitis
2) Longus cervicis

31
Q

the cervical plexus is a spinal nerve plexus formed by the ventral rami of _____ to ____

A

C1 to C4

32
Q

The cervical plexus is arranged as an irregular series of _______ from which the branches of the plexus arise

A

loops

33
Q

Branches supply the scalene and prevertebral muscles; in addition , two named branches are given off:
1)
2)

A

1) Phrenic nerve
2) Ansa cervicalis

34
Q

Phrenic nerve
1) Arises from ventral ramus ____________
2) Courses through the neck _______ to the scalene anterior
3) Courses through the thorax _________ to the root of the lung
4) innervates one muscle, the ____________

A

1) C4 (C3, C5)
2) Anterior
3) Anterior
4) Diaphragm

35
Q

Ansa cervicalis
1) Is a loop of nervous tissue that lies anterior to the _______________
2) Possesses two roots:
1) ___________ connects with the hypoglossal nerve. it is derived from C1
2) ___________ is derived from C2 and C3
3) supplies all infrahyoid muscles except the ____________

A

1) Carotid sheath
2) Superior root
3) Inferior root
4) THYROHYOID***

36
Q

The superficial branches of the cervical plexus provide cutaneous supply to the neck region and superior chest. They include the following:
1)
2)
3)
4)

A

1) Lesser occipital (C2, C3)
2) Greater Auricular (C2,C3)
3) Transverse cervical (C2, C3)
4) Supraclavicular (C3, C4)

37
Q

The vagus nerve is cranial nerve ___. it arises from the brain and courses through a foramen in the base of the skull. It courses through the neck in the ________________. It courses through the thorax ____________ to the root of the lung. It courses through the esophageal opening of the diaphragm and enters the ______________ where it supplies these organs.

A

1) X
2) Carotid sheath
3) Posterior
4) Abdomen

38
Q

The sympathetic trunk is a part of the ___________. It is located in the neck _________ to the carotid sheath

A

1) ANS
2) Posterior

39
Q

The vessels of the neck include the following:

A

1) Common carotid arteries and their branches
2) subclavian arteries and their branches
3) subclavian veins
4) jugular veins

40
Q

The arch of aorta has THREE main branches:

A

1) Brachiocephalic trunk
2) Left common carotid artery
3) Left subclavian artery

41
Q

The brachiocephalic trunk divides into the following:

A

1) right subclavian artery
2) Right common carotid artery
3) In general, the subclavian arteries supply the upper limbs, and the carotid arteries supply the head and neck

42
Q

The right common carotid artery arises from the?

A

brachiocephalic trunk

43
Q

The left common carotid artery arises from the?

A

arch of the aorta

44
Q

The common carotid artery terminates at the UPPER border of the respective side of the thyroid cartilage by dividing into its terminal branches:

A

1) Internal carotid artery
2) External carotid artery

45
Q

Which carotid artery enters the cranial cavity through the carotid canal to supply the brain and does NOT give off any branches to the neck?

A

Internal carotid artery

46
Q

Which carotid artery ascends toward its respective ear?

A

External carotid artery

47
Q

The external carotid artery gives off ___ named branches that supply all the structures of the neck. The first branch is the __________ thyroid artery

A

1) 8
2) Superior

48
Q

The RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN artery arises as a branch of the?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

49
Q

The LEFT SUBCLAVIAN arises as a branch of the?

A

Arch of the aorta

50
Q

Each subclavian artery courses through the neck on its respective side ____________ to the scalene anterior muscle

A

POSTERIOR***

51
Q

The subclavian artery courses over the first rib on its respective side, and at the lateral border of the _________ rib, its name changes to the _____________

A

1) first
2) Axillary artery

51
Q

The subclavian artery has branches, one of which is the __________________
-Each ____________________ ascends through its respective foramina in the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae. It enters the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum, and joins with the vertebral artery of the opposite side to form the __________________ (which supplies the brain and is part of the circle of willis)

A

1) Vertebral artery
2) Vertebral artery
3) Basilar artery

51
Q

Each subclavian vein arises as a continuation of its respective ____________ vein at the lateral border of the first rib

A

Axillary

51
Q

Each subclavian vein courses through its respective side of the neck _________ to the scalene anterior muscle; the muscle separates it from its respective subclavian artery

A

Anterior

52
Q

Each subclavian vein terminates by joining with its respective internal jugular vein to form the?

A

Brachiocephalic vein

53
Q

Each external jugular vein arises on its respective side from veins draining the _________ and ________

A

1) scalp
2) face

54
Q

The external jugular vein courses superficially on its respective side across the __________________ muscle. It terminates by joining its respective _______________ vein

A

1) sternocleidomastoid
2) subclavian

55
Q

Each internal jugular vein arises as a continuation of the _______ sinuses that drain the brain. It courses through the neck within its respective _______________ sheath. The internal jugular vein terminates by joining it respective subclavian vein to form the ___________________ vein

A

1) Dural
2) carotid
3) brachiocephalic

56
Q

The carotid sheath is a condensation of fascia on each side of the neck that surrounds three structures:
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Common carotid artery or internal carotid artery
2) INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN
3) CNX, vagus nerve

57
Q

1) Which is not correct?
a. There are 7 cervical vertebrae and 8 bones in the neck region
b. The hyoid bone lies in the anterior portion of the neck between the mandible and larynx
c. The larynx is a cartilaginous organ located at the middle end of the trachea
d. Hyoid bone does not articulate with any other bone

A

c. The larynx is a cartilaginous organ located at the middle end of the trachea

58
Q

2) Which is correct?
a. There are 5 major types of cartilage that comprise the larynx
b. The epiglottis is shaped like a ring with a narrow band anteriorly and a wider part posteriorly
c. Posterior to the trachea is the epiglottis which guard the air passages during swallowing
d. Thyroid gland consists of two lobes connected across the trachea by the isthmus

A

d. Thyroid gland consists of two lobes connected across the trachea by the isthmus

59
Q

3) Which is correct regarding the muscles of the neck?
a. The infrahyoid muscles are also known as strap muscles and lie above the hyoid muscles
b. The sternohyoid and the thyrohyoid are next to each other
c. The suprahyoid muscles consists of digastric, stylohyoid, and geniohyoid
d. The subcutaneous muscle is innervated by the accessory nerve

A

c. The suprahyoid muscles consists of digastric, stylohyoid, and geniohyoid

60
Q

4) Which is not correct?
a. The scalene muscles extend from the cervical vertebrae to the ribs
b. Posterior to the scalene anterior are the subclavian vein and the brachial plexus
c. The prevertebral muscles flex the head and neck and are supplied by ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves
d. Anterior to the scalene anterior are the common carotid artery, phrenic nerve, and internal jugular vein

A

b. Posterior to the scalene anterior are the subclavian vein and the brachial plexus

61
Q

5) Which is not correct regarding the cervical plexus?
a. It is a spinal nerve plexus formed by ventral rami of C1-C4
b. The phrenic nerve arises from the ventral ramus of C2 and innervates the diaphragm
c. Ansa cervicalis is a loop of nervous tissue that lies anterior to the carotid sheath
d. The superficial branches of the cervical plexus include the lesser occipital, greater auricular, and supraclavicular

A

b. The phrenic nerve arises from the ventral ramus of C2 and innervates the diaphragm

62
Q

6) Which is correct regarding the vessels of the neck?
a. The arch of the aorta has three main branches that include the brachiocephalic trunk, the right subclavian artery, and the let common carotid artery
b. Common carotid artery ascends through the neck in the carotid sheath along with the internal jugular vein and the vegus nerve
c. The internal carotid artery gives off eight named branches that supply all the structures of the neck
d. The external carotid artery ascends within the carotid sheath

A

b. Common carotid artery ascends through the neck in the carotid sheath along with the internal jugular vein and the vegus nerve

63
Q

7) Which is not correct?
a. The subclavian vein terminates by joining with the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein
b. The external jugular vein arises from veins draining the scalp and face and terminates by joining the subclavian vein
c. The internal jugular vein arises as a continuation of the dural sinus that drains the brain
d. The carotid sheath is a condensation of fascia that surround 3 structures in the neck which are the common carotid artery and internal carotid artery, subclavian artery, and vagus nerve

A

d. The carotid sheath is a condensation of fascia that surround 3 structures in the neck which are the common carotid artery and internal carotid artery, subclavian artery, and vagus nerve

Neuroanatomy (26 decks)

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