Chapter 19: Respiratory System Flashcards
how does respiration occur?
on a macroscopic level, as a function of an organ system
how does gas exchange occur?
at a cellular & molecular level
aerobic reactions include (4)
- use O2 to accomplish ATP production
- allow cells to harness energy from chemical bonds in nutrient molecules
- generate CO2 as a metabolic waste
- CO2+H2O = H2CO3 (carbonic acid)
what is the purpose of H2CO3?
maintain blood pH level
ventilation
inhale/exhale; 12-20 per minute
respiration
gas exchange
upper respiratory system includes:
- nose
- nasal cavity
- larynx
- pharynx
- sinuses
lower respiratory system includes:
- lungs
- trachea
- bronchial tree
nose
nostrils provide openings for air to enter & leave nasal cavity
alveoli
microscopic air sacs in lungs; site of gas exchange & basic function unit of respiratory system
nasal cavity
- separated into right and left by nasal septum
- nasal conchae curl in from lateral walls of cavity
- conchae separate nasal cavity into passageways called meatuses
- upper portion contains olfactory receptors for sense of smell
- lined with mucus membrane; pseudostratified
goblet cells
produce mucus
function of mucus
trap particles and microorganisms from inhaled air
sinuses
-air filled spaces in the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones of skull
- provide resonance & reduce weight of skull
pharynx
- space posterior to nasal cavity, oral cavity, & larynx
- 3 portions