Chapter 17: Digestive System

Question 1

digestion

Answer 1

mechanical & chemical breakdown of foods into forms that cell membranes can absorb; two types

Question 2

digestive system

Answer 2

organs of digestive system carry out mechanical & chemical digestion, as well as ingestion, propulsion, absorption, & defacation

Question 3

2 portions of digestive system

Answer 3

• alimentary canal
• accessory organs

Question 4

alimentary canal

Answer 4

organs that extend from mouth to anus; food passageway

Question 5

accessory organs

Answer 5

organs that empty secretions into alimentary canal; food does not pass through

Question 6

how long is alimentary canal?

Answer 6

about 8m long; muscular tube

Question 7

layers of alimentary canal (4)

Answer 7

1. mucosa (inner)
2. submucosa
3. muscularis
4. serosa

Question 8

mucosa

Answer 8

epithelium, connective tissue, smooth muscle; protection, secretion, absorption

Question 9

submucosa

Answer 9

loose connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves; nourishes surrounding tissues, transports absorbed materials

Question 10

muscularis

Answer 10

smooth muscle cells in circular & longitudinal groups; movements of tube & its contents

Question 11

serosa (outer)

Answer 11

epithelium, connective tissue; protection, lubrication

Question 12

where are all 4 layers of the alimentary canal able to be seen?

Answer 12

small intestine

Question 13

2 types of movement in the alimentary canal

Answer 13

• mixing
• propelling

Question 14

mixing movement

Answer 14

• muscles in small sections contract rhythmically
• does not move material in one direction
• important to chemical digestion, stomach

Question 15

propelling movement

Answer 15

• moves materials in one direction

Question 16

mixing is also referred to as…

Answer 16

segmentation

Question 17

propelling is also referred as…

Answer 17

peristalsis

Question 18

what helps innervate the alimentary canal?

Answer 18

branches of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of ANS

Question 19

submucosal plexus

Answer 19

controls secretions

Question 20

myenteric plexus

Answer 20

controls motility

Question 21

parasympathetic impulses

Answer 21

increase activities of digestive system

Question 22

sympathetic impulses

Answer 22

inhibit digestive actions

Question 23

mouth

Answer 23

• mastication
• functions as organ of speech & sensory reception
• surrounded by lips, cheeks, tongue, palate
• includes oral cavity and vestibule

Question 24

salivary amylase

Answer 24

begins chemical digestion of carbs

Question 25

cheeks

Answer 25

contain muscles for chewing & facial expression; inner lining of stratified squamous (moist)

Question 26

lips

Answer 26

sensory receptors judge temp and texture of food; boundary between skin & mucous membrane inside mouth

Question 27

parts of tongue (3)

Answer 27

• lingual frenulum
• papillae
• lingual tonsils

Question 28

lingual frenulum

Answer 28

connects tongue to floor of mouth

Question 29

papillae

Answer 29

projections that move food, contain taste buds

Question 30

lingual tonsils

Answer 30

lymphatic tissue masses on root of tongue

Question 31

palate

Answer 31

• consists of hard & soft
• uvula extends from the soft palate

Question 32

palatine tonsils

Answer 32

lymphatic masses on sides of tongue

Question 33

pharyngeal tonsils

Answer 33

adenoids; lymphatic tissue on posterior wall of pharynx

Question 34

teeth

Answer 34

20 primary (deciduous)
32 secondary (permanent)

Question 35

salivary glands

Answer 35

• secrete saliva
• moisten food particles & bind them together
• dissolves food so it can be tasted
• saliva contains enzymes and bicarbonate ions

Question 36

3 pairs of major salivary glands

Answer 36

• parotid
• sublingual
• submandibular

Question 37

cavity

Answer 37

dental caries

Question 38

gomphosis

Answer 38

joint where teeth interlock