Chapter 15: Cardiovasular System Flashcards

1
Q

what two circuits do blood vessels form?

A

pulmonary & systemic

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2
Q

pulmonary circuit

A
  • transports oxygen poor blood from heart to lungs, & back to heart
  • in lungs, blood picks up oxygen & drops off CO2
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3
Q

systemic circuit

A
  • transports oxygen rich blood from heart to all body cells, & back to the heart
  • blood deniers nutrients to cells & removes waste
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4
Q

circuit

A

no close endings; no beginning or end

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5
Q

left side of heart

A

oxygen rich, oxygenated

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6
Q

right side of heart

A

oxygen poor, deoxygenated

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7
Q

what kind of blood is in the pulmonary vein?

A

oxygenated

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8
Q

what kind of blood is in the pulmonary artery?

A

deoxygenated

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9
Q

heart

A

hollow, cone-shaped muscular pump; located in mediastinum of the thoracic cavity, superior to diaphragm

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10
Q

4 chambers of heart

A
  • right atrium
  • right ventricle
  • left atrium
  • left ventricle
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11
Q

upper chambers of heart are called?

A

atria

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12
Q

lower chambers of heart are called? (& function)

A

ventricles, pump

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13
Q

location of heart (5)

A
  • posterior to sternum
  • medial to lungs
  • anterior to vertebral column
  • base lies at 2nd rib
  • apex lies at 5th intercostal space
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14
Q

pericardium

A

covering over heart & large blood vessels

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15
Q

3 layers of pericardium

A
  • fibrous
  • parietal
  • visceral
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16
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

outer layer, surrounds double layered serous membrane

17
Q

parietal pericardium

A

deep to fibrous pericardium; outer layer of serous membrane

18
Q

visceral pericardium

A

inner layer of serous membrane; attached to surface of heart

19
Q

visceral pericardium is also known as…

A

epicardium

20
Q

how many layers of the heart wall have?

A

3

21
Q

3 layers of heart wall

A
  • epicardium
  • myocardium
  • endocardium
22
Q

epicardium

A

outer layer, thin; visceral pericardium

23
Q

myocardium

A

middle layer, thickest; composed of cardiac muscle tissue

24
Q

endocardium

A

inner layer, thin; forms inner lining of all heart chambers

25
Q

right atrium

A

receives blood returning from systemic circuit; pumps blood to right ventricle

26
Q

right ventricle

A

receives blood from right atrium; pumps blood to lungs

27
Q

left atrium

A

receives blood from pulmonary veins; pumps blood to left ventricle

28
Q

left ventricle

A

receives blood from left atrium; pumps blood to systemic circuit

29
Q

blood flow in heart (14)

A
  1. vena cava
  2. right atria
  3. tricuspid valve
  4. right ventricle
  5. pulmonary semilunar valve
  6. pulmonary trunk/artery
  7. lungs
  8. pulmonary veins
  9. left atria
  10. bicuspid/mitral valve
  11. left ventricle
  12. aortic semilunar valve
  13. aorta
  14. systemic circulation
30
Q

valves

A

prevent back flow of blood

31
Q

what valve is associated with the most issues?

A

mitral/bicuspid due to pressure

32
Q

skeleton of heart

A

made up of rings of dense connective tissue, along with other fibrous masses in the inter ventricular septum; surround origins of pulmonary trunk & aorta, & orfices between atria & ventricles