Chapter 15: Cardiovascular System

Question 1

blood vessels

Answer 1

organs of the cardiovascular system; forms closed circuits and transport blood from heart, to body cells, and back to heart

Question 2

types of blood vessels (5)

Answer 2

• arteries
• arterioles
• capillaries
• venules
• veins

Question 3

arteries

Answer 3

carry blood away from ventricles of the heart

Question 4

arterioles

Answer 4

receive blood from arteries & carry it to capillaries

Question 5

capillaries

Answer 5

1 cell layer thick; endothelial, sites of exchange between body cells & blood

Question 6

venules

Answer 6

receive blood from the capillaries & conduct it to veins

Question 7

veins

Answer 7

receive blood from venules & carry it back to atria of heart

Question 8

3 layers of arteries

Answer 8

• interna
• media
• externa

Question 9

interna

Answer 9

innermost layer of arteries

Question 10

media

Answer 10

smooth muscle & elastic tissue; thicker in arteries than in veins

Question 11

externa

Answer 11

outer layer, connective tissue of arteries

Question 12

what do arteries do?

Answer 12

transport blood under high pressure; give rise to arterioles

Question 13

what can both arteries & arterioles undergo?

Answer 13

vasocontstriction & vasodilation

Question 14

what do capillaries do?

Answer 14

• connect smallest arterioles & smallest venules
• blood flow regulated by precapillary sphincters

Question 15

precapillary sphincters

Answer 15

smooth muscles surrounding capillary when it branches off arteriole or met arteriole

Question 16

what type of endothelium do capillaries have?

Answer 16

simple squamous

Question 17

vasoconstriction

Answer 17

decrease diameter

Question 18

vasodilation

Answer 18

increase diameter

Question 19

capillary exchange

Answer 19

exchange gas, nutrients, & metabolic by products between blood and tissue around cells

Question 20

methods of capillary exchange

Answer 20

• diffusion
• osmosis
• filtration

Question 21

diffusion

Answer 21

• most important
• lipid soluble substances diffuse through membrane
• water soluble substances diffuse through slits

Question 22

filtration

Answer 22

• hydrostatic pressure forces molecules through membrane
• pressure derived from ventricular contraction

Question 23

osmosis

Answer 23

• presence of impermeant solute inside capillaries creates osmotic pressure
• osmotic pressure draws water into capillaries, opposing filtration

Question 24

venule function

Answer 24

• microscopic blood vessels that transport blood from capillaries to veins
• thinner walls & less smooth muscle than arteries

Question 25

arterial end

Answer 25

moves blood out

Question 26

vein function

Answer 26

• function as blood reservoirs
• carry blood under low pressure
• thin walls
• flap like valves

Question 27

how much blood is in veins & venules?

Answer 27

2/3

Question 28

blood pressure

Answer 28

force the blood exerts against inner walls of blood vessels; blood moves higher to lower pressure

Question 29

systolic

Answer 29

max pressure reached during ventricular contraction

Question 30

diastolic

Answer 30

min pressure remaining before next ventricular contraction

Question 31

pulse pressure

Answer 31

difference between systolic & diastolic pressure

Question 32

mean arterial

Answer 32

average pressure in arterial system; average force driving blood to tissue

Question 33

how is blood pressure measured?

Answer 33

SP/DP; mmHg

Question 34

normal BP

Answer 34

120/80