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BIOL 251: Anatomy & Physiology II > Chapter 14: Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Blood Flashcards

1
Q

blood

A

type of connective tissue suspended in liquid matrix

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2
Q

what determines blood amount in the body?

A
  • body size
  • changes in fluid concentration
  • changes in electrolyte concentration
  • amount of adipose tissue
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3
Q

how much of the body is blood?

A

8%

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4
Q

adult blood volume

A

male = 5-6 liters
female= 4-5 liters

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5
Q

blood cells

A

formed mostly in red bone marrow; called formed elements

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6
Q

types of blood cells (3)

A
  • red blood cells
  • white blood cells
  • platelets
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7
Q

in a centrifuged blood sample, how much is plasma?

A

55%

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8
Q

in a centrifuged blood sample, how much is red blood cells?

A

45%

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9
Q

in a centrifuged blood sample, how much are white blood cells & platelets?

A

<1%

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10
Q

what is the % of red blood cells called?

A

hematocrit or packed cell volume

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11
Q

hematopoiesis

A

blood cell formation; originate in red bone marrow

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12
Q

red blood cells

A
  • also called erythrocytes
  • carry oxygen
  • biconcave disc shape
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13
Q

how much of red blood cells is hemoglobin?

A

1/3

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14
Q

oxyhemoglobin

A

with oxygen

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15
Q

deoxyhemoglobin

A

without oxygen

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16
Q

RBC count

A

number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

17
Q

RBC counts

A

men= 4.7-6.1 million
female= 4.2-5.4 million
children= 4.5-5.1 million

18
Q

erythropoiesis

A
  • red blood cell formation
  • negative feedback mechanism
  • low blood oxygen causes kidneys & liver to release EPO, which stimulates RBC production
  • within a few days, many new RBC’s appear in blood
19
Q

where does erythropoiesis occur?

A

red bone marrow

20
Q

EPO

A

erythroprotein

21
Q

anemia

A

oxygen carrying capacity of blood is reduced

22
Q

biliverdin & bilirubin

A

by products of hemoglobin breakdown from RBC’s

23
Q

B 12

A

absorbed from small intestine; DNA synthesis

24
Q

iron

A

absorbed from small intestine; hemoglobin synthesis

25
Q

folic acid

A

absorbed from small intestine; DNA synthesis

26
Q

RBC formation

A

hemocytoblast -> erthyroblasts -> reticulocytes -> erthyrocytes

27
Q

aplastic anemia

A

damaged bone marrow; caused by toxic chemicals & radiation

28
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

red blood cells destroyed; caused by toxic chemicals

29
Q

iron-deficiency anemia

A

hemoglobin defect; caused by dietary lack of iron

30
Q

pernicious anemia

A

excess of large & fragile cells; caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12

31
Q

sickle cell disease

A

red blood cells abnormally shaped; caused by defective gene

32
Q

thalassemia

A

hemoglobin deficient, red blood cells short lived; caused by defective gene

BIOL 251: Anatomy & Physiology II (28 decks)

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