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Fire Officer Book > Chapter 13 Me > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Me Flashcards

1
Q

The primary goal of fire cause determination is to

A
  1. Memorialize conditions found on arrival of the incident
  2. Identify and preserve potential physical evidence
  3. Document activity performed during fire suppression
  4. Note any unusual situations or human encounters during the incident
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2
Q

The process of determining the origin, cause, and development of a fire or explosion

A

A fire investigation

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3
Q

Most fire investigators are certified to meet NFPA

A

NFPA 1033

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4
Q

Fire and explosion investigations follow NFPA

A

NFPA 921

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5
Q

The first step in fire cause determination is ?

A

To identify the area of origin

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6
Q
  1. The exact physical location where a heat source and a fuel first interacted
  2. Usually determined by examining fire damage and patterns
A

Area of origin

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7
Q

As fire burns, it spreads up and out in a U or V shape pattern. Origin is usually at the base of the shape. This is also known as?

A

Movement pattern

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8
Q

-Indicated how much heat was transferred to surrounding area/objects

  • May produce line of demarcation that can indicate the area closest to the point where the greatest amount of heat was produced
A

Intensity pattern

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9
Q

Carbonaceous material that has been burned or pyrolyzed and has a blackened appearance

A

Char

-closely related to the fire intensity pattern
-the depth of char can assist in determining the direction of fire spread
-the deeper the char the longer the fire burned in that area

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10
Q

The circumstances, conditions, or agencies that brought about or resulted in the incident

A

Cause

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11
Q

Evaluating the cause of a fire 3 step process

A
  1. Determine source of ignition
  2. Determine fuel that was first ignited
  3. Determine circumstances or human actions that allowed the ignition source and the fuel source to come together
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12
Q

If 2 or more potential causes of a fire remain the cause of the fire is considered ?

A

Undetermined

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13
Q

The energy source that caused a material to ignite

A

The source of ignition

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14
Q

Nature of the material itself

A

Type of material

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15
Q

How the material is used

A

Form of material

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16
Q

A logical, systematic examination of an item and its place and function within a system, conducted to identify and analyze the probability, cause, and consequences of potential and real failures

A

Failure analysis

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17
Q

The process of determining the origin, cause, development, responsibility, and, when required, a failure analysis of a fire or explosion

A

Fire analysis

18
Q

Used when an individual attempting to conceal information is questioned

A

An interrogation

19
Q

How often do fire departments respond to vehicle fires?

A

1 in 8 fires are vehicle fires

20
Q

Fire for which the proven cause does not involve an intentional human act to ignite or spread fire into an area where the fire should not be

A

Accidental fire cause

21
Q

Fire caused without direct human intervention or action, such as fire resulting from lightening, earthquake, and wind

A

Natural fire cause

22
Q

Fire that is intentionally ignited in an area or under circumstances where and when there should not be a fire

A

Incendiary fire cause

23
Q

Classification of fire when the cause cannot be proven to an acceptable level of certainty

A

Undetermined fire cause

24
Q

The most frequent ignition cause in residential fires is?

A

Unattended cooking

25
Q

Second most common cause in residential fires is?

A

Smoking materials

26
Q

Third leading cause of residential fires is?

A

Heating

27
Q

Chemical decomposition is called ______, a process in which material is decomposed, or broken down, into simpler molecular compounds by the effects of heat alone; ____ often precedes combustion

A

Pyrolysis

28
Q

Maliciously and intentionally or recklessly starting a fire or causing an explosion

A

Arson

29
Q

A fuel or oxidizer intentionally used to initiate a fire or increase the rate of growth or spread of a fire. Often an ignitable liquid

A

Accelerant

30
Q

A solid or liquid fuel used to intentionally spread or accelerate the spread of a fire from one area to another.
Usually leaves a distinct fire pattern that resembles the materials shape

A

Trailer

31
Q

National statistics indicate ___ % of structure fires are intentional

A

6%

32
Q

What are the 6 basic motives for arson?

A
  1. Profit: to collect insurance money
  2. Crime concealment: to destroy evidence / to create distraction
  3. Excitement: thrills, attention or recognition
  4. Spite/revenge: involves intense feelings
  5. Extremism: to bring attention to a cause
  6. Vandalism: to cause damage for own sake
33
Q

NFIRS data can be used to?

A
  1. Identify risk factors and trends
  2. Plan utilization of resources
  3. Inform state and national understanding of overall fire problems
  4. Direct resources and change laws
34
Q

Wildland fires are influenced by environmental conditions, including?

A
  1. Topography
  2. Fuel load
  3. Wind
  4. Weather
35
Q

The systematic pursuit of knowledge involving the recognition and definition of a problem; the collection of data through observation and experimentation; analysis of the data; the formulation, evaluation, and testing of hypothesis; and, where possible, the selection of a final hypothesis

A

Scientific method

36
Q

Determining the area of origin requires the analysis of information from 4 sources

A
  1. First: The physical marks, or fire patterns, left by the fire
  2. Second: the observations reported by persons who witnessed the fire or were aware of conditions present at the time of the fire
  3. Third: analysis of the physics and chemistry of fire initiation, development, and growth as an instrument to related known or hypothesized fire conditions capable of producing those conditions
  4. Fourth: noting the location where electrical arcing has caused damage, as well as the electrical circuit involved
37
Q

Cause and origin interviews are typically conducted at?

A

The fire scene

38
Q

Wildland fires are influenced by environmental conditions, including?

A
  1. Topography
  2. Fuel load
  3. Wind
  4. Weather

Such fires tend to spread vertically through convection, from low vegetation to taller vegetation, and horizontally through radiation

39
Q

Many accidental fires result from _____ that are not intended to start or spread fire

A

Human activities

40
Q

The most common electrical fire is?

A

Misuse by the occupant

-such as overloading electrical circuits

41
Q

Indicators of an incendiary fire typically fall under 5 general categories

A
  1. Disabled built in fire protection
  2. Delayed notification or difficulty in getting to the fire
  3. Accelerants and trailers
  4. Multiple points of origin
  5. Tampered or altered equipment

Fire Officer Book (30 decks)

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