Chapter 10 - Nervous System - The Brain Flashcards
The brain is divided into right and left hemisphere called….
cerebral hemispheres
What are the 4 lobes of the brain?
Frontal, Parietal, Occipital and Temporal Lobe
Frontal lobe…
thought processes, behavior, personality and emotion
Parietal lobe…
body sensations, visual and spatial perception
Occipital lobe…
vision
Temporal lobe…
hearing, understanding speech and language
In the middle of the cerebrum are spaces, or canals, called…
ventricles
This contain a watery substance/fluid that protects the brain and spinal cord from shock, like a cushion called…
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Thalamus…
relay station “triage center” sensory impulses
Control awareness and consciousness
Hypothalamus…
- regulates body temperature, sleep appetite, emotions, sexual desires, regulates and controls hormones of the pituitary gland
- Monitors sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
Pituitary Gland
- “master gland” that produces growth and sexual/reproductive development and function.
Cerebellum
coordination of voluntary movements and balance
Cerebrum
- Largest part of the brain and has many functions
- Houses the 4 lobes
The Brainstem contains the…
Pons and Midbrain
Pons and Midbrain…
- Houses the nerves for the eye and facial nerves
- Bridges the Cerebrum and Cerebellum to the rest of the brain.
Medulla Oblongata…
- Connects the spinal cord to the brain
- Regulates the heart, blood vessels and respiratory system
- Nerve fibers crossover right to left and left to right.
- The nerves on the left side of the body are controlled in the right half of the cerebrum.
Nerve cells…
- Are stimulated by internal and external stimuli which activate the cell membranes to release stored electrical energy called the nervous impulse.
External and internal receptors…
- Receive and transmit these impulses to the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system).
Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Recognizes, interprets, and relays impulses to other nerve cells that extend through parts of the body, such as muscles, glands, and organs.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
are nerves outside the brain and the spinal cord.
Cranial nerves…
carry electrical impulses between the brain and the head and neck; one exception is the tenth cranial nerve called the Vagus Nerve.
Vagus nerve…
- Wanders from the brain into organs in the neck, chest, and abdomen
- Latin term for “wandering
Spinal nerves…
carry impulses between the spinal cord and the chest, abdomen, and extremities
The spinal cord…
- The column of nervous tissue from the medulla oblongata to the second lumbar vertebra.
- Serves as a pathway for impulses to and from the brain.
Sympathetic…
nerves stimulate the body under stress
Parasympathetic…
nerves balance the sympathetic system – slow the heart rate down and lower the blood pressure