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English for Medical Sciences > Chapter 10 Health and Disease > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Health and Disease Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

blady jak trup

A

as pale as a ghost

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2
Q

zdrów jak ryba

A

as fit as a fiddle

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3
Q

skurcz

A

charley horse/cramp

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4
Q

umrzeć

A

to kick the bucket

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5
Q

poczuć się lepiej

A

to turn the corner

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6
Q

umrzeć

A

to pop your clogs

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7
Q

być zdrowym

A

to be as fresh as a daisy

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8
Q

być okazem zdrowia

A

to look in the pink of health

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9
Q

być w świetnym stanie

A

to be as right as rain

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10
Q

mieć chrypkę

A

to have a frog in throat

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11
Q

być w złym stanie

A

to be in bad shape

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12
Q

czuć się słabo

A

to be blue around the gills

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13
Q

omdlenie

A

black out

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14
Q

wyzionąć ducha

A

to breathe one’s last

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15
Q

być przygnębionym

A

to feel blue

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16
Q

tryskać energią

A

to be full of beans

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17
Q

być zdrowym

A

to have a clean bill of health

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18
Q

być w złej formie

A

to be off colour

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19
Q

wąchać kwiatki od dołu

A

to push up the daisies

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20
Q

wracać do zdrowia

A

to be on the mend

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21
Q

być martwym

A

to be six feet under

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22
Q

postawić kogoś na nogi

A

to be given a new lease of life

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23
Q

być nie w sosie

A

to be out of sorts

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24
Q

odejść

A

to pass away

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25
Q

zemdleć

A

to pass out

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26
Q

wyzdrowieć

A

to pull through

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27
Q

uniknąć

A

to slip away

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28
Q

odczuwać straszny ból

A

to be racked with pain

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29
Q

być wykończonym

A

to be run down

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30
Q

złapać coś

A

to catch something

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31
Q

zarazić się/nabawić się

A

to contract

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32
Q

rozwijać się

A

to develop

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33
Q

cierpieć z powodu

A

to suffer from

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34
Q

mieć atak

A

to have an attack

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35
Q

utrzymywać

A

to sustain

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36
Q

stwierdzić coś u kogoś

A

to diagnose somebody with something

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37
Q

cierpieć

A

to suffer

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38
Q

wykluczać

A

to rule out

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39
Q

być chorym na coś

A

to be down with something

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40
Q

przeziębienie

A

cold/chill

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41
Q

grypa

A

flu/influenza

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42
Q

zapalenie płuc

A

pneumonia

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43
Q

malaria

A

malaria

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44
Q

tyfus/dur brzuszny

A

typhoid

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45
Q

rak

A

cancer

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46
Q

cukrzyca

A

diabetes

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47
Q

zespół nabytego niedoboru odporności

A

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

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48
Q

artretyzm/zapalenie stawów

A

arthritis

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49
Q

choroba Alzheimera

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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50
Q

astma

A

asthma

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51
Q

katar sienny

A

hay fever

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52
Q

ból pleców

A

backache

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53
Q

wada wrodzona

A

congenital defect

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54
Q

biegunka

A

diarrhoea

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55
Q

białaczka

A

leukaemia

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56
Q

autyzm

A

autism

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57
Q

zawał serca

A

heart attack/myocardial infarction

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58
Q

przemoczony do suchej nitki

A

sopping wet

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59
Q

przedszkole

A

kindergarten/nursery school/preschool

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60
Q

od czasu do czasu

A

every now and then

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61
Q

mukowiscydoza

A

cystic fibrosis

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62
Q

objaw

A

sign

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63
Q

symptom

A

symptom

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64
Q

spowodować coś

A

to bring about something

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65
Q

czynniki środowiska

A

enviromental factors

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66
Q

wymienny

A

exchangeable

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67
Q

urlop chorobowy

A

sick leave

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68
Q

czas wolny

A

time off

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69
Q

zapadalność

A

morbidity

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70
Q

choroba zakaźna

A

infectious disease/communicable disease/transmissible disease

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71
Q

zaraźliwy/zakaźny

A

contagious

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72
Q

wybuch (np. epidemii)

A

outbreak

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73
Q

epidemia

A

epidemic

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74
Q

gospodarz/żywiciel

A

host

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75
Q

bezobjawowy

A

asymptomatic

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76
Q

choroba nowotworowa

A

neoplastic disease

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77
Q

wrodzony

A

inborn

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78
Q

odchylenie/odstępstwo

A

departure

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79
Q

wskazywać na coś

A

to indicate

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80
Q

obecność

A

presence

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81
Q

wskazanie

A

indication

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82
Q

ale/mimo to

A

yet

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83
Q

zmęczenie

A

fatigue

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84
Q

podczas gdy/natomiast

A

whereas

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85
Q

podniesione ciśnienie krwi

A

elevated blood pressure

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86
Q

wywołać

A

to trigger

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87
Q

może (np. wydarzyć się)

A

may well

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88
Q

choroba autoimmunologiczna

A

autoimmune disease

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89
Q

ból/cierpienie

A

distress

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90
Q

choroba/dolegliwość

A

ailment

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91
Q

zawierać/składać się z

A

to comprise

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92
Q

patogeniczny/chorobotwórczy

A

pathogenic

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93
Q

czynnik

A

agent

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94
Q

bakteria/bakterie

A

bacterium/bacteria

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95
Q

wirus

A

virus

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96
Q

grzyb/grzyby

A

fungus/fungi

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97
Q

pasożyt

A

parasite

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98
Q

prion

A

prion

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99
Q

stąd/tak więc/tym samym

A

thus

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100
Q

nosiciel

A

carrier

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101
Q

zachorować na coś

A

to come down with something

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102
Q

ospa prawdziwa

A

smallpox

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103
Q

choroba Heinego Medina

A

poliomyelitis (polio)

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104
Q

zwalczyć/pozbyć się

A

to eradicate

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105
Q

zbierać żniwo

A

to take a toll

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106
Q

choroba układu krążenia

A

cardiovascular disease

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107
Q

nowotwór złośliwy

A

malignant tumor

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108
Q

nowotwór łagodny

A

benign tumor

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109
Q

zmiana chorobowa/obrażenie

A

lesion

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110
Q

pierwszy z wymienionych

A

the former

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111
Q

drugi/ostatni z wymienionych

A

the latter

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112
Q

dawać przerzuty

A

to metastasize

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113
Q

rozprzestrzeniać się

A

to spread

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114
Q

naciekać

A

to invade

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115
Q

ograniczony

A

circumscribed

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116
Q

nadwrażliwy

A

hypersensitive

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117
Q

niegroźny/nieszkodliwy

A

harmless

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118
Q

wszechobecny

A

ubiquitous

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119
Q

alergen

A

allergen

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120
Q

pyłek kwiatowy

A

pollen

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121
Q

roztocz

A

dust mite

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122
Q

sierść

A

pet dander

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123
Q

nabywać/zdobywać

A

to acquire

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124
Q

zaostrzenie się choroby

A

flare-up

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125
Q

pogarszać

A

to impair

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126
Q

patogen

A

pathogen

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127
Q

zły stan zdrowia

A

ill health

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128
Q

zgłosić chorobę w pracy

A

to call in sick

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129
Q

zaświadczenie lekarskie

A

medical certificate

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130
Q

pretekst/usprawiedliwienie/wymówka

A

excuse

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131
Q

mający uczucie mdłości

A

nauseated

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132
Q

choroba genetyczna

A

genetic disorder

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133
Q

choroba psychiczna

A

mental disease

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134
Q

choroba metaboliczna

A

metabolic disease

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135
Q

z grubsza

A

broadly

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136
Q

przydzielić/przypisać

A

to assign

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137
Q

mierzyć

A

to measure

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138
Q

choroba współistniejąca

A

comorbidity

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139
Q

jednoczesny

A

simultaneous

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140
Q

wskaźnik zachorowalności

A

incidence rate

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141
Q

częstość występowania choroby

A

prevalence rate

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142
Q

krótkotrwały

A

short-lived

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143
Q

gwałtowny początek

A

rapid onset

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144
Q

przebieg

A

course

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145
Q

nawrót/wznowa

A

recurrence

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146
Q

przywrócenie

A

restoration

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147
Q

opierać się

A

to resist

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148
Q

choroba

A

disease

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149
Q

schorzenie

A

illness

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150
Q

choroba/nudności

A

sickness

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151
Q

dolegliwość/zaburzenie

A

disorder

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152
Q

stan medyczny

A

medical condition

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153
Q

niedomoga

A

failure/insufficiency

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154
Q

śmiertelność

A

mortality rate

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155
Q

zespół

A

syndrome

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156
Q

okres inkubacji

A

incubation period

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157
Q

okres utajenia

A

latency period

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158
Q

ostra choroba

A

acute disease

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159
Q

przewlekła choroba

A

chronic disease

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160
Q

zaostrzyć się

A

to flare up

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161
Q

choroba oporna na leczenie

A

refractory disease

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162
Q

postepująca choroba

A

progressive disease

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163
Q

remisja

A

remission

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164
Q

nawrót choroby

A

relapse

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165
Q

rekonwalescencja

A

recovery

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166
Q

choroba samo ustępująca

A

self-limiting disease

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167
Q

choroba zlokalizowana

A

localised disease

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168
Q

rozsiana choroba

A

disseminated disease

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169
Q

choroba układowa

A

systemic disease

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170
Q

objaw

A

manifestation/symptom

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171
Q

wstępna diagnoza

A

preliminary diagnosis

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172
Q

diagnostyka różnicowa

A

differential diagnosis

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173
Q

początek

A

onset

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174
Q

leczenie

A

treatment

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175
Q

powikłanie

A

complication

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176
Q

oznaka

A

sign

177
Q

profilaktyka

A

prevention

178
Q

testy laboratoryjne

A

laboratory tests

179
Q

ostateczna diagnoza

A

definitive diagnosis

180
Q

prognoza

A

prognosis

181
Q

etiologia

A

aetiology

182
Q

wirus przenoszony drogą kropelkową

A

airborne virus

183
Q

rozprzestrzeniać się

A

to spread

184
Q

kaszel

A

cough

185
Q

kichanie

A

sneeze

186
Q

wciągnięty z powietrzem

A

inhaled

187
Q

zanieczyszczony/skażony

A

contaminated

188
Q

szczep

A

strain

189
Q

narażenie/wystawienie

A

exposure

190
Q

gorączka

A

fever

191
Q

zatkany nos

A

nasal congestion

192
Q

pocenie się

A

sweating

193
Q

dreszcze

A

chills

194
Q

utrata apetytu

A

loss of apetite

195
Q

ból mięśni

A

muscle ache

196
Q

osłabienie

A

weakness

197
Q

ból gardła

A

sore throat

198
Q

zawroty głowy

A

lightheadedness

199
Q

skutki uboczne

A

lingering effects

200
Q

zapalenie oskrzeli

A

bronchitis

201
Q

zatoka

A

sinus

202
Q

zapalenie mózgu

A

encephalitis

203
Q

rozległy/szeroko rozpowszechniony

A

widespread

204
Q

szczepionka

A

vaccine/jab

205
Q

stale/ciągle

A

constantly

206
Q

podstępny

A

insidious

207
Q

przedstawiać

A

to depict

208
Q

choroba Leśniowskiego-Crohna

A

Crohn’s disease

209
Q

niedoczynność tarczycy

A

hypothyroidism

210
Q

nadczynność tarczycy

A

hyperthyroidism

211
Q

różyczka

A

German measles/rubella

212
Q

półpasiec

A

shingles/herpes zoster

213
Q

odra

A

measles/rubeola/morbilli

214
Q

mononukleoza

A

kissing disease/mononucleosis

215
Q

świnka

A

mumps/epidemic parotitis

216
Q

ospa wietrzna

A

chickenpox/varicella

217
Q

rozstrój żołądka

A

upset stomach

218
Q

przeziębienie

A

common cold/acute coryza

219
Q

krztusiec

A

whooping cough/pertussis

220
Q

grzybica stóp

A

athlete’s foot/tinea pedis

221
Q

opryszczka

A

cold sore/herpes simplex

222
Q

tężec

A

lockjaw/tetanus

223
Q

zapalenie spojówek

A

pink eye/conjunctivitis

224
Q

rzeżączka

A

the clap/gonorrhoea

225
Q

borelioza

A

borreliosis/Lyme disease

226
Q

świerzb

A

seven-year itch/scabies

227
Q

ślinienie się

A

drooling

228
Q

męczliwość

A

malaise

229
Q

zapalenie gardła

A

pharyngeal inflammation

230
Q

kłujący ból

A

stabbing pain

231
Q

trudności z połykaniem

A

difficulty swallowing

232
Q

popękana skóra

A

cracked skin

233
Q

powiększone węzły chłonne

A

swollen glands

234
Q

blizna po ospie

A

pockmark

235
Q

zapalenie cewki moczowej

A

urethritis

236
Q

wybroczyny

A

petechiae

237
Q

kłucie

A

pricking

238
Q

grudki

A

papules

239
Q

ból stawów

A

joint pain

240
Q

katar

A

runny nose

241
Q

pęcherz

A

blister

242
Q

smolisty stolec

A

tarry stool

243
Q

łzawiące oczy

A

watery eyes

244
Q

zdrętwienie

A

numbness

245
Q

nalot w gardle

A

patchy throat

246
Q

sraczka

A

trots

247
Q

pieczenie przy oddawaniu moczu

A

burning on urination

248
Q

wysypka

A

rash

249
Q

mrowienie

A

tingling

250
Q

swędząca skóra

A

itchy patches/rash

251
Q

strupek

A

scab

252
Q

drgawki

A

muscle spasms/convulsions

253
Q

zapalenie wątroby

A

hepatitis

254
Q

napadowy kaszel

A

paroxysmal cough

255
Q

ropna wydzielina

A

purulent discharge

256
Q

limfadenopatia

A

lymphadenopathy

257
Q

niska gorączka

A

low grade fever

258
Q

mrowienie

A

pins and needles

259
Q

obrzęk

A

swelling

260
Q

splenomegalia

A

splenomegaly

261
Q

sapanie

A

wheezing

262
Q

drażliwość

A

irritability

263
Q

brak apetytu

A

loss of appetite

264
Q

skurcz żołądka

A

crampy stomach

265
Q

pulsujący ból

A

throbbing pain

266
Q

dreszcze

A

shivering

267
Q

wydzielina z prącia

A

penile discharge

268
Q

zapalenie jąder

A

orchitis

269
Q

łuszczyca

A

skin peeling/flaky skin/scaly

270
Q

wyginać w łuk

A

arching

271
Q

lepka skóra

A

clammy skin

272
Q

trudności z oddychaniem

A

difficulty breathing

273
Q

niemożność utrzymania moczu i stolca

A

urinary and faecal incontinence

274
Q

ziarenkowiec/ziarenkowce

A

coccus/cocci

275
Q

laseczka/laseczki

A

bacillus/bacilli

276
Q

śrubowiec/śrubowce

A

spirillum/spirilla

277
Q

gronkowiec/gronkowce

A

staphylococcus/staphylococci

278
Q

paciorkowiec/paciorkowce

A

streptococcus/streptococci

279
Q

pałeczka/pałeczki

A

coccobacillus/coccobacilli

280
Q

bakterie gram +

A

Gram-positive bacteria

281
Q

bakterie gram -

A

Gram-negative bacteria

282
Q

bakterie tlenowe

A

aerobic bacteria

283
Q

bakterie beztlenowe

A

anaerobic bacteria

284
Q

bakterie samożywne

A

autotrophic bacteria

285
Q

bakterie cudzożywne

A

heterotrophic bacteria

286
Q

kształt

A

shape

287
Q

o pałeczkowatym kształcie

A

rod-shaped

288
Q

o kulistym kształcie

A

spherical-shaped

289
Q

o spiralnym kształcie

A

spiral-shaped

290
Q

grono/kiść/grupka/gromada

A

cluster

291
Q

łańcuch

A

chain

292
Q

pośredni kształt

A

intermediate shape

293
Q

zatrzymać/gromadzić

A

to retain

294
Q

barwnik

A

stain

295
Q

wewnętrzna błona komórkowa

A

inner cell membrane

296
Q

zewnętrzna błona komórkowa

A

outer cell membrane

297
Q

ściana komórkowa

A

cell wall

298
Q

barwnik

A

dye

299
Q

metoda barwienia

A

straining method

300
Q

syntetyzować/wytwarzać

A

to synthesize

301
Q

materia organiczna

A

organic matter

302
Q

sposób żywienia

A

mode of nutrition

303
Q

antybiotyki o szerokim spektrum

A

broad-spectrum antibiotics

304
Q

bakteriobójczy

A

bactericidal

305
Q

bakteriostatyczny

A

bacteriostatic

306
Q

oporność na antybiotyki

A

antibiotic resistance

307
Q

superbakteria

A

superbug

308
Q

sulfonamidy

A

sulfa drugs

309
Q

test na rodzaj i wrażliwość

A

culture and sensitivity test

310
Q

antybiotyki beta-laktamowe

A

beta-lactams

311
Q

antybiotyk grzybobójczy

A

antifungal antibiotic

312
Q

posiew

A

culture

313
Q

hamować/powstrzymywać

A

to inhibit

314
Q

synteza

A

synthesis

315
Q

mnożenie

A

multiplication

316
Q

penicylina

A

penicillin

317
Q

cefalosporyna

A

cephalosporin

318
Q

leczyć

A

to treat

319
Q

mimo że/pomimo że/chociaż/aczkolwiek

A

although

320
Q

toksyczność

A

toxicity

321
Q

szczep bakterii

A

strain of bacteria

322
Q

oporny

A

resistant

323
Q

niewłaściwy

A

improper

324
Q

nadużywać

A

to abuse

325
Q

gronkowiec złocisty oporny na metycylinę

A

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

326
Q

nystatyna

A

nystatin

327
Q

amfoterycyna B

A

amphotericin B

328
Q

reakcja niepożądana

A

adverse reaction

329
Q

efekt uboczny

A

side effect

330
Q

zakazać sprzedaży

A

to ban from sale/to take off the market

331
Q

przyczyna/powód

A

cause

332
Q

podpowiadać/sugerować

A

to prompt

333
Q

przymroczenie świadomości

A

clouding of consciousness

334
Q

stan, w którym trudno się skupic i jasno myśleć

A

brain fog

335
Q

trwać/kontynuować

A

to continue

336
Q

utrzymywać się/nie ustępować

A

to persist

337
Q

podkreślać

A

to emphasize/to highlight

338
Q

podstawowy/pierwszego wyboru

A

first-line/first-choice

339
Q

ogólny/powszechny

A

general/not specific

340
Q

szerzyć/rozpowszechniać

A

to diffuse

341
Q

poprawiać/ulepszać

A

to improve/to restore

342
Q

włączać/wliczać/zawierać

A

to include

343
Q

schwytać/zdobywać

A

to capture

344
Q

niepoprawnie/błędnie

A

incorrectly

345
Q

nieodpowiednio/niestosownie

A

inappropriately

346
Q

instrukcje/wskazówki

A

instructions

347
Q

wytyczne

A

guidelines

348
Q

odnoszący się do nerek

A

renal

349
Q

wypatroszyć/osłabić

A

to eviscerate

350
Q

szpitalny

A

nosocomial/hospital-acquired

351
Q

potężny/silny/mocny

A

powerful/potent

352
Q

zakres czegoś

A

range of something

353
Q

szeroki wybór czegoś

A

array of something

354
Q

podatny

A

susceptible

355
Q

wrażliwy/czuły

A

sensitive

356
Q

ustępować/opadać

A

to subside

357
Q

rozwiązywać

A

to resolve

358
Q

proces sądowy

A

lawsuit/trial

359
Q

brzydki/ohydny

A

ugly

360
Q

oszpecający

A

disfiguring

361
Q

użyteczny

A

useful

362
Q

odpowiedni

A

suitable

363
Q

niechciany/zbędny

A

unwanted

364
Q

oczywisty

A

apparent

365
Q

dzieje się tak w przypadku

A

such is the case

366
Q

fluorochinolony

A

fluoroquinolones

367
Q

zagrażający życiu

A

life-threatening

368
Q

często

A

frequently

369
Q

zapalenie zatok

A

sinusitis

370
Q

coś co leczy, ale nie jest lekarstwem

A

nondrug remedy

371
Q

epidemiolog

A

epidemiologist

372
Q

nadużywać

A

to overuse

373
Q

łagodny

A

mild

374
Q

stromy/prowadzący w górę

A

uphill

375
Q

suche oczy

A

dry eyes

376
Q

dzwonienie w uszach

A

ringing in ears

377
Q

opóźniony

A

delayed

378
Q

kołatanie serca

A

heart palpitation

379
Q

pozaszpitalne

A

community-acquired

380
Q

fototoksyczność

A

phototoxicity

381
Q

rak płuc

A

lung cancer

382
Q

rak jelita grubego

A

colorectal cancer

383
Q

wylew

A

stroke

384
Q

chlamydia

A

chlamydia

385
Q

choroba serca

A

heart disease

386
Q

zapalenie wątroby/żółtaczka

A

hepatitis

387
Q

stwardnienie rozsiane

A

multiple sclerosis

388
Q

stwardnienie zanikowe boczne

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

389
Q

rozedma płuc

A

emphysema

390
Q

próchnica zębów

A

dental caries

391
Q

czerniak

A

melanoma

392
Q

przewlekła obturacyjna choroba płuc (POChP)

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

393
Q

reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów

A

rheumatoid arthritis

394
Q

marskość wątroby

A

liver cirrhosis

395
Q

obarczyć kogoś winą za coś

A

to blame somebody for something/to blame something on somebody

396
Q

polecenie

A

mandate

397
Q

upoważniać/wprowadzać (np. prawo)

A

to mandate

398
Q

związek

A

link

399
Q

zapalenie ścięgien

A

tendinitis

400
Q

zerwanie ścięgna

A

tendon rupture

401
Q

odwarstwienie siatkówki

A

retinal detachment/retinal ablation

402
Q

obecny

A

current

403
Q

najnowszy/niedawny

A

recent

404
Q

wcześniejszy

A

prior

405
Q

fibromialgia

A

fibromyalgia

406
Q

tuzin

A

dozen

407
Q

pół tuzina

A

half-dozen

408
Q

nieuzasadniony

A

unjustifiable

409
Q

niewątpliwie

A

undeniably

410
Q

remedium/lekarstwo

A

remedy

411
Q

kobieta karmiąca

A

nursing woman

412
Q

rozwiązywać (np. problem)

A

to resolve

413
Q

wskazówka

A

guideline

414
Q

kwestia/sprawa

A

issue

415
Q

rzekomy/tak zwany

A

so-called

416
Q

oczywisty

A

apparent

417
Q

przywoływać

A

to evoke

418
Q

bez wahania/bez trudu

A

readily

419
Q

podjąć/przyjmować

A

to take up

420
Q

mający silną wolę

A

strong-willed

421
Q

pieprzyk

A

mole

422
Q

bierny palacz

A

second hand smoker

423
Q

owoce morza

A

shellfish

424
Q

pod telefonem/w pogotowiu

A

to be on call

425
Q

ograniczać

A

to cut down

426
Q

fakultatywny

A

elective

427
Q

wazektomia

A

vasectomy

428
Q

szkoda, że

A

it’s a pity

429
Q

nieskończony

A

endless

430
Q

złamanie

A

fracture

431
Q

pod wpływem

A

under the influence

432
Q

nadmierny

A

excessive

433
Q

unieruchomienie

A

immobilization

434
Q

duszność

A

dyspnea

435
Q

łóżko opalające w solarium

A

tanning bed

436
Q

wysiłek

A

exertion

437
Q

podatny

A

liable

438
Q

odpowiedzialny

A

responsible

English for Medical Sciences (17 decks)

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