Chapter 10

Question 1

What are 2 types of learning

Answer 1

1. Procedural learning

2. Declarative learning

Question 2

What is procedural learning

Answer 2

We know some facts, information. e.g. how to use computer based application

Question 3

What is declarative learning

Answer 3

Using a computer based application to understand a topic

Question 4

What are 2 ways of learning

Answer 4

1. Learning by doing (expolatory learning)

2. Following instruction in manual

Question 5

Why people feel difficult to learn

Answer 5

Difficult to relate with physical real world

Question 6

What is training wheel approach

Answer 6

Restrict user to basic functions

Question 7

What are the approaches to help user to learn

Answer 7

• Using GUI and direct manipulation interfaces
• Training wheel approach
• Using interactive technologies (internet, multimedia, virtual reality)

Question 8

What is dynalinking

Answer 8

Process of linking and manipulating multimedia representation at interface

Question 9

What are 3 forms of language processing

Answer 9

1. Reading
2. Speaking
3. Listening

Question 10

Does written language permanent and listening transient

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

Does reading quicker and listening/speaking slower

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

How can we incorporate language processing in applications

Answer 12

• Interactive books/web sites
• Speech recognition systems
• Speech output systems
• Natural language systems
• Interface for people with language processing disabilities

Question 13

What are 2 processes of thinking

Answer 13

1. Reasoning

2. Problem solving

Question 14

What is Reasoning

Answer 14

A process by which we use the knowledge we posses to draw conclusions.

Question 15

What are 3 types of reasoning

Answer 15

1. Deductive reasoning
2. Inductive reasoning
3. Abductive reasoning

Question 16

What is Deductive reasoning

Answer 16

We derive the logically necessary conclusion from the given situation.
e.g.
It is Friday then she will go to work
It is Friday
Therefore she will go to work

Question 17

What is Inductive reasoning

Answer 17

We generalize from cases we have seen to infer information about cases we have not seen

Question 18

What is abductive reasoning

Answer 18

We see the action and determine the cause of it

Question 19

What is problem solving

Answer 19

Process of finding a solution to an unfamiliar task

Question 20

What are 3 theories of problem solving

Answer 20

1. Gestalt
2. Problem space theory
3. Analogy in problem solving

Question 21

What is Gestalt theory

Answer 21

Gestalt theory says that problem solving involves

• Productive
• Reproductive

Question 22

What is Productive problem solving

Answer 22

Productive problem solving involves

• Insight
• Restructuring of problem

Question 23

What is Problem space theory

Answer 23

There is a problem. There is its beginning state and there is its goal state. We use operators to change the state. We select these operators by heuristics (e.g. means ends analysis).
Example of office desk

Question 24

What is Analogy in problem solving

Answer 24

We have 2 domains. Domain A and domain B. We find similarities between them. and apply solution of domain B on domain A.
Example of doctor cancer treatment and general who attacked on castle.

Question 25

What is skill acquisition

Answer 25

We acquire skills during problem space theory.

Question 26

What are 3 skill acquisition ACT models

Answer 26

There is a Basic level. First user learn general-purpose rules. Then develop rules specific to task. Thirdly rules turned to fine tune.

Question 27

What are 2 methods in basic level of skills acquisition

Answer 27

1. Proceduralization

2. Generalization