Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Homeostasis
Maintaining a constant internal environment and balance.
Autoregulation (Intrinsic Regulation)
Built-in response of cells, tissues, or organs to change.
Example: buffer counteracts pH change adds hydrogen when pH is too high and removes hydrogen atoms when too low.
Extrinsic Regulation
Response to change is not “built-in” to cells, tissues, or organs. Comes from outside of it.
Example: from the nervous system or endocrine system
What are the parts of the homeostatic control center?
Receptor (receives message)
Control center (the instructions)
Effector (carries out the instructions)
Negative feed back
Stimulus in the response is in the opposite direction.
Positive Feedback
Stimulus in the response amplifies.
Dynamic Equilibrium
a state of balance between continuing processes.
Body Cavities
Protect organs from accidental shocks.
Permit changes in size and shape of internal organs.
The dorsal body cavity consists of?
Cranial and vertebral cavities. It is located at the back of the body, includes the head and the back of the trunk.
The ventral (anterior) body cavity
Consists of the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity.
Peritoneal Cavity
Refers to all of the abdominal cavity and the top part of the pelvic cavity.
Retroperitoneal space
Refers to an area behind the peritoneal cavity but in front of the muscular body wall where the kidneys are located.
What is the most vulnerable body cavity?
The abdominopelvic cavity
What is the most protected body cavity?
The cranial cavity
Serous Membrane
Line body cavities and cover organs.
Organs are anchored but this also allows them to move.
Allows organs to expand and contract and not generate friction.
