Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology I > A&P Final Exam Review (2) > Flashcards

A&P Final Exam Review (2) Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Controls what goes in and out of the cell.
Glycocalyx- ID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nucleus

A

Cellular control center
Genetic information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chromosomes

A

Bundles of DNA and proteins but organized.
Chromosomes are what are being transferred.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

46
23 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gene

A

A basic and functional unit made up of DNA. Genes act as instructions to be transcribed into RNA and ultimately result in the creation of functional products such as proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nucleolus

A

Synthesizes rRNA (which makes ribosomes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

A double membrane separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Contains ribosomes.
Helps FOLD proteins.
Releases proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Synthesizes lipids, NO ribosomes, stores calcium, and detoxes. (large number seen in kidneys and liver)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Finishes, sorts, and ships cell products in the cytoplasm.
These products turn into vesicles to be secreted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vacuole

A

Isolates waste products and kicks out extra fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lysosomes

A

Sacs of enzymes, digestion within the cell, recycles or destroys damaged organelles, a hydrolytic digestive enzyme.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mitochondria

A

Harvests energy from food and carries out cellular respiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Maintains structure and activities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ribosomes

A

Synthesizes proteins using mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diffusion

A

Substances moves from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration (down its concentration gradient)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

Occurs when the concentration of substances is higher in one area than another.

18
Q

What affects diffusion?

A

Temp, molecular size, concentration and pressure.

19
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of WATER across a selectively permeable membrane.
Low to high solute.

20
Q

Active Transport

A

Moves substances against their gradient.
Requires ATP

21
Q

Passive Transport

A

A solute moves through a membrane transport proteins.
No ATP is required.
Relies on concentration gradient.

22
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Does not require ATP.
Relies on concentration gradient.
Does not require transport proteins.

23
Q

Endocytosis

A

Used to import substances useful to the livelihood of the cell.

24
Q

Exocytosis

A

Used to export bulky molecules.

25
Q

Phagocytosis

A

“cell eating” large items are brought into cells in a vacuole.

26
Q

Pinocytosis

A

“Cell drinking” fluid is brought into the cell vesicles.

27
Q

Histology

A

Study of cells and tissues under a microscope

28
Q

What are the four major tissue types?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscles
Nervous

29
Q

Parietal Layer

A

Attaches to the body cavity

30
Q

Visceral Layer

A

Attached to the organ itself

31
Q

What are the structural characteristics of epithelial tissue?

A

Cells fit together closely, polar, avascular, regenerate, and tissue layers always have one free surface.

32
Q

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

A

Protection, absorption, filtration, secretion/excretion, and sensory reception.

33
Q

Where is microvilli found?

A

In the digestive tract.

34
Q

Where is cilia found?

A

In the respiratory and reproductive tracts

35
Q

What is a gland?

A

Cell or organ in the body that produces and secretes particular chemical substances (hormones) for use in the body.

36
Q

Endocrine Gland

A

Ductless
Function: Secretions are hormones in the blood.
Examples: Pancreas, thyroid, and adrenal gland.

37
Q

Exocrine Gland

A

Function: Empty through ducts to the epithelial surface.
Examples: sweat, salivary, mammary, and sebaceous

38
Q

Merocrine Gland

A

Products are secreted by exocytosis. Only the product gets out. (Thin, sweat and hormones)
Controlled independently, sweating occurs locally.

Cools skin, excretes water and electrolytes.

39
Q

Apocrine Gland

A

Products accumulate just below the free surface.
Apex of the cell pinches off.
Stinky and cloudy secretions.
Secretion directly to the hair follicle.
ANS

40
Q

Holocrine Gland

A

Products released by cell bursting, killing gland cells.
Replaced by stem cells.
Goblet cells.

41
Q

What are th

A

Anatomy and Physiology I (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions