Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology I > A&P Final Exam Review > Flashcards

A&P Final Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Level of Organization from small to big

A

Chemical or molecular
Cellular level (cell)
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the anatomical position?

A

The standard position of the body when standing upright and facing forward with the arms hanging down at the sides and palms facing forward.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Frontal Plane

A

Section separates anterior and posterior portions of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Separates right left portions of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Separates superior and inferior portions of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the dorsal body cavity consist of and what is its function?

A

It is a fluid-filled space in the human body that protects the brain and the spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the ventral body cavity consists of and what is the function?

A

It protects all other vital organs in the chest and abdomen. It protects organs from accidental shock and allows changes in the size and shape of internal organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two subdivisions of the ventral cavity?

A

Thoracic Cavity and Abdominopelvic Cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What organs are found in the thoracic cavity?

A

Heart and Lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What organs are found in the peritoneal cavity?

A

All organs above the pelvic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the retroperitoneal space?

A

Refers to an area behind the peritoneal cavity but in front of the muscular body wall where the kidneys are located.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of structure and organization
Structure determines the function!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the function of organisms.
Cells, organs, systemic and pathological.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the main physiological variables for which the body attempts to maintain homeostasis?

A

Temperature, blood pressure, blood glucose, fluid balance, blood pH, electrolytes and blood oxygen levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Autoregulation (Intrinsic Regulation)

A

Built-in response of cell, tissue or organ to change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Extrinsic Regulation

A

Response to change is not “built-in” to cells, tissue, or organs. Comes from outside of it. (from nervous and endocrine system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the parts of the homeostatic control system?

A

Stimulus- initiates change
Receptor- detects the change
Control Center-the instruction
Effector- carries out the instructions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Negative Feedback

A

The stimulus in the response is in the opposite direction.
Example: high blood glucose- insulin is made by the body or it is administered to lower the blood glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Stimulus in the response amplifies.
Example: Blood clotting and contractions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

System Integration

A

Different body systems work together to maintain homeostasis.

21
Q

Dynamic Equilibrium

A

The ability of the body to maintain homeostasis constantly.

22
Q

Atomic Number

A

Number of protons

23
Q

Atomic Mass

A

The sum of protons and neutrons

24
Q

How do you find the number of neutrons?

A

Subtract the atomic number from mass number.

25
Q

Isotopes

A

The same number of protons, different number of neutrons.

26
Q

Starch

A

a polysaccharide carbohydrate that is vital for energy plant storage

27
Q

Glycogen

A

A polysaccharide carbohydrate that is an important form of energy storage in muscles. (animals)

28
Q

Polysaccharide

A

These are long chains of sugar units.
Polymers of hundreds or thousands of monosaccharides linked by dehydration synthesis.

29
Q

What are some examples of disaccharides?

A

Maltose- brewing sugar
Sucrose- table sugar we use every day.
Lactose- Found in dairy

30
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Simplest carbohydrates.
Monomers

31
Q

What are some examples of monosaccharides?

A

Glucose- the primary source of energy for the brain and is found in the blood.
Fructose- an important energy source, can be harmful. Processed by liver.
Galactose- cellular metabolism, contributes to energy storage and production.

32
Q

Building blocks of lipids?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

33
Q

What are the four types of lipds?

A

Fats, steroids, phospholipids, and waxes.

34
Q

What are lipids used for?

A

Long-term energy storage.

35
Q

The building of fatty molecules is done by?

A

dehydration

36
Q

Triglycerides

A

consists of three fatty acids.

37
Q

Phospholipids

A

A major component of the cell membrane.
Amphipathic.
Building blocks- fatty acids, glycerol, and phosphate/choline.

38
Q

Cholesterol

A

Important steroid component in cell membranes.
High levels in the blood may contribute to cardiovascular disease.

39
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino acids- joined by peptide bonds.
CHON

40
Q

Denaturation

A

Process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation making the protein inactive.

41
Q

Phosphorylation

A

Adding a phosphate found changes the function of a protein affecting cellular processes either by speeding up , slowing down, or inhibiting them.

42
Q

Proteins have

A

Amino group, carboxyl group and R- functional group.

43
Q

What determines the function of the protein?

A

The structure

44
Q

Sickle cell disease

A

An inherited blood disorder, that results from a single amino acid substitution in the protein hemoglobin.

45
Q

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides
CHONP

46
Q

DNA

A

Consists of two polynucleotides twisted around each other in a double helix.
Contain genetic information
DNA is transcribed into RNA

47
Q

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

A

Tells what protein is supposed to be made.
RNA is translated into proteins.

48
Q

What nucleotides are nucleic acids made of?

A

Phosphate, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base

49
Q

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

Anatomy and Physiology I (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions