- unicellular and multicellular - Aerobic and anaerobic

Chapter 1 Flashcards by Emma Dunsworth

What is a cell

The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism

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Atoms join together with what? And then go on to form what?

Atoms join together to form molecules which in turn can make a cell

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Tissue

A group of similar cells that perform a particular function

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Organs make up what?
Organisms are?

Organs make up several types of tissues and each single one belongs to an organ system
Organisms such as trees are a collection of organ systems

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The levels of biological organization

Biosphere
Ecosystem
Commmunity
Population
Species
Organism
Organ system
Organ
Tissue
Cell
Molecule
Atom

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Levels of organization

Atom molecular
Molecular
Organelle
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Systemic
Organism

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Each organization level with multiple together can do what

For together to create the next level
Ie: organelles can for together to create cellular

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Subcutaneous tissue will do what with age

Decrease as you get older then eventually increase

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Life belongs in one of the three domains
Domain bacteria (bacteria)
Domain archaea (primitive bacteria)
Domain eukarya (includes four inner kingdoms)
- Protista (alga, Protozoa, slime mold)
- animalia (animals or humans even)
- fungi (fungi)
- Plantae (plants)

Humans are enveloped inside of the eukaryot system. Specifically inside of Kingdom Animalia
Humans are eukaryotes which include hormones, have a nucleus, and are all enveloped inside each other.

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Prokaryotes are?

The Bacteria and Archaea domains which both are without a nucleus, are single-celled, and contain prokaryotes

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Eukarya contains

Eukaryotes, (cellular organisms, which will contain a nucleus)

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Cell classification

unicellular and multicellular
Aerobic and anaerobic

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Explain protists

Protists are unicellular and multicellular, eukaryotic
Ie: Protozoa, algae, slime mold

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Explain plants

Plants are multicellular, eukaryotic and photosynthetic

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Explain animals

Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic, and heterotrophic

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Explain fungi

Fungi are eukaryotic, decomposes
Ie: molds, yeasts, mushrooms

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What is a species?

A species is the smallest unit and can interbreed to produce one or more population

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What is genus?

Genus is the second smallest unit and all humans belong to both species and genus.

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Humans are/have

Humans are homosapiens
Humans have bipedalism, opposable thumbs, large brains, and the capacity for languages

What is science?

Science is a style of inquiry that attempts to understand nature in a rational logical manner. (It is its own base of knowledge, and is a way of knowing.)
- the study and process of living and non-living.
- the pursuit and process of understanding the natural and systematic world based from evidence found in a rational logical manner.

What are the two types of science?

Basic and applied

What is basic science

Basic science is the study of something that leads to better understanding of a natural phenomena.
- “knowing for the sake of knowing”
- studying something to better understand a phenomena

What is applied science

The application o existing scientific knowledge towards practical application
- “practical” or “real world” science
- the application of existing toward applying to the real world.

Anatomy =
Physiology =
Anatomy will ——- ——— ———

Anatomy = structure
Physiology = function
Anatomy will always trump physiology

What does nature of science refer to?

Nature of science is the study referring to the epistemology of science. Science is a way of knowing, or the values and beliefs that inherent to devotion of scientific knowledge.

What is the role of science in society?

- science improves technology and the human condition - science has limits - science helps us make informed choices

What do prokaryotes have

- free-floating DNA - non-membranous organelles (do not have their own membranes) - very small -divided by binary fission - typically unicellular - anaerobic and aerobic

What do both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common

- DNA - Cell wall - Ribosomes - Cytoplasm

What do eukaryotes include

- nucleus - membranous organelles - mitosis and meiosis (sex cells) - typically, multicellular - aerobic

The classification of humans

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: animalia Phylum: chordata Class: mammalia Order: primates Family: hominidae Genus: homo Species: sapien

Biology

The scientific study of life

Anatomy

The study of the structure of an organism Gross vs. microscopic

Physiology

The study of the function or an organism Organism vs. organization vs. systemic

Science is what two things

1) knowledge about the natural world 2) process to acquire knowledge

What are 5 steps to the scientific method

1) observe and generalize 2) formulate a hypothesis 3) make a testable prediction 4) experiment or observe - test the hypothesis - collect and analyze data 5) develop conclusions -report the results -modify your hypothesis as necessary and repeat

Define hypothesis

Tentative statement about the natural world. This should be tested under many different circumstances.

Define experiment

A carefully planned and executed manipulation of the natural world. - truth or falsehood of prediction is tested by observation and experimentation

null hypothesis vs. alternative hypothesis

Null hypothesis - no difference, no relationship, nothing will happen Alternative hypothesis - there is a difference, a relationship, something will happen

What are null and alternative hypothesis tested with

Null and alternative are tested by a p-value

Scientific method is a process for testing ideas; further knowledge

- Observe and generalize: inductive reasoning - make generalizations based on observations about the world. -test the hypothesis under many different conditions (modify as necessary and repeat steps 3 and 4 of the scientific method) - experiment and observe: truth or falsehood or prediction is tested by observation and experimentation.

Define ontology

“What we know”

Define epistemology

“How we know”

Scientific inquiry can do what

Scientific inquiry can take several forms, there is no single fixed set or sequence of steps that all scientific investigations follow.

Asteroids have what

Asteroids have much higher levels of Iridium than they do on Earth

Scientific knowledge is ——-

Scientific knowledge is never absolute or certain