Ch.4 Programming

Question 1

The process during which information about a problem is collected, analyze, and clearly stated to provide a basis for design. It defines a problem before a solution is attempted.

Answer 1

Programming

Question 2

What are the four major considerations used in the five step process of programming

Answer 2

Form, function, economy, and time

Question 3

What are the steps in the five step process of programming

Answer 3

Establishing goals, collecting and analyzing facts, uncovering and testing concepts, determining needs, and stating the problem

Question 4

Goals indicate what the client wants to achieve and why

Answer 4

Establishing goals

Question 5

I must projects, many people have various interest in the outcome of the work. These people include but are not limited to the architect, owner, developer, leasing agent, public, and users of the project. For example, the architect may want the building to be a higher sustainable building where the developer and they want the building lease space in the least expensive way possible

Answer 5

Stakeholder requirements

Question 6

More often than not, the clients budget drive to decisions regarding a project, and these decisions may override other drivers

Answer 6

 budget

Question 7

What are the most fundamental drivers is the clients need for the space, efficient use, and organization. This can often be in conflict with the budget

Answer 7

Space use

Question 8

The client may have a need to create a building or space that reflects the corporate culture of the brand they want to communicate to the public

Answer 8

Preferred culture and branding

Question 9

Facts describe the existing conditions and requirements of the problem, such as the number of people to be accommodated, space adjacencies, and other characteristics, the existing building within which the interiors will be constructed, equipment to be housed, expected growth rate, money available for construction and furnishings, and building code requirements

Answer 9

Collecting and analyzing facts

Question 10

A performance requirement related to methods of solving a problem and satisfying a need

Answer 10

Programmatic concept

Question 11

Hey specific physical response did attempt to achieve a programmatic concept

Answer 11

Design concept

Question 12

This type of programming process balances the desires of the client against the vet available budget in establishes a budget based on the defined goals and needs

Answer 12

Determining needs

Question 13

The previous four steps are a prelude stating the essence of the problem. The problem statements are the bridge between programming and the design process

Answer 13

Stating the problem

Question 14

What are the four elements of cost

Answer 14

Quantity, quality, budget, and time

Question 15

Relates to the existing conditions in a space, the physical and psychological environment of the interior, and the quality of construction

Answer 15

Form

Question 16

Relates to the people using the space, the activities to be performed there, and the relationship of the space to one another

Answer 16

Function

Question 17

Concerns money: the initial cost of the interior, operating costs, and lifecycle costs

Answer 17

Economy

Question 18

Describe the idea of past, present, and future as the effect the other three considerations. For example, the required schedule for construction is often a time consideration and is needed for expansion

Answer 18

 Time

Question 19

Establishes the order of importance of things that are size, position, or social values. For example, entrance of the reception area may have a higher priority than an individual offices, to reflect the goal of enhancing a companies Image

Answer 19

Priority

Question 20

Relates to the idea of the exercise of authority and is expressed in physical symbols of authority.

Answer 20

Hierarchy

Question 21

Is a response to the desired image the client wants to project. This may be expressed in design concepts using materials, lighting, space they are, or other physical responses to the project character

Answer 21

 character

Question 22

Low, medium, or high – may result or relate to how a space or group of spaces are used in response to call such as efficient use of space or the desired amount of interaction in an office

Answer 22

Density

Question 23

Include mechanical services, such as mechanical systems as well as other functions that support the use of space. Distribution of surprise, storage space, information, and vending areas are examples of these types of functions.

Answer 23

Service groupings

Question 24

States whether activity should be integrated or separated and compartmentalized.

Answer 24

Activity grouping

Question 25

States the degree of masking of people in a space and is derived from the physical, social, and emotional characteristics of the group

Answer 25

People grouping 

Question 26

Related to the concept of territoriality and is a place where people can maintain his or her individuality

Answer 26

Home base

Question 27

Include the infinities of people and activities. This is one of the most common programming concepts established in any design problem because it is most directly affects the organization of the space and rooms

Answer 27

 relationships

Question 28

Is the response to the goal of promoting the effective exchange of information or ideas

Answer 28

Communications

Question 29

Is a concept refers to how the project will promote or prevent sociability and how it relates to its neighboring spaces

Answer 29

Neighbors

Question 30

Relates to the idea of entry to a space or building and making the facility accessible to people with disabilities

Answer 30

Accessibility

Question 31

Relates to segregating the flow of people, service access, or other activities of a building space.

Answer 31

Separated flow

Question 32

As a concept is a response to the goal of promoting interaction among people

Answer 32

Mixed flow

Question 33

Is often required for both people and objects were specific series of events or processes is required

Answer 33

Sequential flow

Question 34

Refers to providing a point of reference with an a spacer building to help keep people from feeling lost within a larger context

Answer 34

Orientation

Question 35

Includes three components. The first, expandability refers to how is faze can accommodate gross with expansion, the second, convertibility, refers to have a space can allow for changes in function throughout the conversion of the space, and third, versatility come provides for several different activities with multi functional

Answer 35

Flexibility

Question 36

Allows for extra space for a dynamic activity instead of hitting the space precisely to a static activity

Answer 36

Tolerance

Question 37

Focuses attention on my safety in the conceptual ways to achieve it. Building codes in other safety precautions are closely tied to this concept 

Answer 37

Safety

Question 38

Refers to Waze the best people in property can be protected based on the value of potential loss – minimum, medium, or maximum

Answer 38

Security controls

Question 39

Can be achieved in several ways: by keeping the heated area to a minimum, keeping heat flow to a minimum, using materials producing low amounts of energy, using recycled materials, and using recyclable materials

Answer 39

Energy conservation

Question 40

Expose the kinds of control it’s necessary to make him and comfort needs, including air temperature, light, sound, humidity. This concept includes mechanical systems as well as natural means for climate control

Answer 40

Environmental control

Question 41

Determines of the project must be completed in stages to meet time and cost schedules

Answer 41

 phasing

Question 42

Score of the ways to establish realistic preview of cost in a balanced budget to meet the clients available funds

Answer 42

Call control

Question 43

Involves the correctness of fit between objects in spaces in the need of the people using the objects in spaces

Answer 43

Human factors

Question 44

A measurement of the size, proportions, and range of motion of the human body

Answer 44

Anthropometrics 

Question 45

Measures the human body at rest

Answer 45

Static anthropometric‘s

Question 46

Measures the human body while performing activities

Answer 46

Dynamic anthropometric

Question 47

The study of the relationship between humans physiology and physical environment

Answer 47

Ergonomics

Question 48

What is the typical height of a keyboard surface

Answer 48

Between 26 and 28 1/2 inches high

Question 49

Based on the quality of the following primary environmental factors: temperature, humidity, air movement, temperature radiation to and from surrounding surfaces, air quality, sound, vibration, and light

Answer 49

Human factors

Question 50

The amount of heat required to raise 1 pound of water by 1°F

Answer 50

British thermal unit BTU

Question 51

The transfer of heat through the movement of a fluid, either gas or liquid

Answer 51

Convection

Question 52

Occurs when moisture changes to vapor as a person perspires or breathes 

Answer 52

Evaporation

Question 53

The transfer of heat energy through electromagnetic waves from one service to a colder surface

Answer 53

Radiation

Question 54

The transfer of heat through direct contact between two objects of different temperatures

Answer 54

Conduction

Question 55

Primary determinant of comfort. It is difficult to stay precisely a normal range of comfortable temperature limits, because the range depends on the factors such as humidity levels, radiant temperatures, air movement, clothing, cultural factors, age, and gender.

Answer 55

Air temperature

Question 56

What is generally a comfortable range of temperature

Answer 56

69°F to 80°F

Question 57

What is generally a tolerable range of temperature

Answer 57

60°F to 85°F

Question 58

This has been developed that combines the effect of air temperature, humidity, and air movement

Answer 58

Effective temperature

Question 59

Relative it is the percentage of moisture in the air compared with the maximum amount of moisture in the air can hold a given temperature without condensing

Answer 59

Humidity

Question 60

What are comfortable relative humidity range is

Answer 60

Between 30 and 60%

Question 61

What are tolerable relative humidity ranges

Answer 61

Between 20 and 70%

Question 62

Distance to increase evaporation and heat roster convection. This is why a person feels comfortable and have it temperatures and humidity is if there’s a breeze.

Answer 62

Air movement

Question 63

Because the body can gain and lose heat through this, the temperature of the surrounding service is an important factor in determining human comfort

Answer 63

Radiation

Question 64

A weighted average of the various surface temperatures in a room

Answer 64

The main radiant temperature MRT

Question 65

Required to provide oxygen and removes carbon dioxide, to remove odors, and to carry away  contaminant

Answer 65

Ventilation

Question 66

Written forms that people fill in with requested information. They are useful when large number of people are needed to be surveyed and time or resources do not allow for individual interviews

Answer 66

Questionnaire

Question 67

The process of looking at previously completed designs, construction methods, or material choices to guide or suggest the solution to the current problem

Answer 67

President study

Question 68

A detailed analysis of an existing facility or interior that is simply a proposed project. The goal of this is to learn how it functions and meets the needs of its users. It differs from President study and that it examines the entire facility or interior and is interrelated of various parts, instead of individual pieces

Answer 68

Case study

Question 69

A research process that compares project data against data sets from other similar projects, either within the same design firm or across multiple design firms. This is the way to develop baseline for a specific type of information; it is a point of reference against which other things, people, cost, time or activities can be measured

Answer 69

Benchmarking