Ch.4 Programming Flashcards
The process during which information about a problem is collected, analyze, and clearly stated to provide a basis for design. It defines a problem before a solution is attempted.
Programming
What are the four major considerations used in the five step process of programming
Form, function, economy, and time
What are the steps in the five step process of programming
Establishing goals, collecting and analyzing facts, uncovering and testing concepts, determining needs, and stating the problem
Goals indicate what the client wants to achieve and why
Establishing goals
I must projects, many people have various interest in the outcome of the work. These people include but are not limited to the architect, owner, developer, leasing agent, public, and users of the project. For example, the architect may want the building to be a higher sustainable building where the developer and they want the building lease space in the least expensive way possible
Stakeholder requirements
More often than not, the clients budget drive to decisions regarding a project, and these decisions may override other drivers
 budget
What are the most fundamental drivers is the clients need for the space, efficient use, and organization. This can often be in conflict with the budget
Space use
The client may have a need to create a building or space that reflects the corporate culture of the brand they want to communicate to the public
Preferred culture and branding
Facts describe the existing conditions and requirements of the problem, such as the number of people to be accommodated, space adjacencies, and other characteristics, the existing building within which the interiors will be constructed, equipment to be housed, expected growth rate, money available for construction and furnishings, and building code requirements
Collecting and analyzing facts
A performance requirement related to methods of solving a problem and satisfying a need
Programmatic concept
Hey specific physical response did attempt to achieve a programmatic concept
Design concept
This type of programming process balances the desires of the client against the vet available budget in establishes a budget based on the defined goals and needs
Determining needs
The previous four steps are a prelude stating the essence of the problem. The problem statements are the bridge between programming and the design process
Stating the problem
What are the four elements of cost
Quantity, quality, budget, and time
Relates to the existing conditions in a space, the physical and psychological environment of the interior, and the quality of construction
Form
Relates to the people using the space, the activities to be performed there, and the relationship of the space to one another
Function
Concerns money: the initial cost of the interior, operating costs, and lifecycle costs
Economy
Describe the idea of past, present, and future as the effect the other three considerations. For example, the required schedule for construction is often a time consideration and is needed for expansion
 Time
Establishes the order of importance of things that are size, position, or social values. For example, entrance of the reception area may have a higher priority than an individual offices, to reflect the goal of enhancing a companies Image
Priority
Relates to the idea of the exercise of authority and is expressed in physical symbols of authority.
Hierarchy
Is a response to the desired image the client wants to project. This may be expressed in design concepts using materials, lighting, space they are, or other physical responses to the project character
 character
Low, medium, or high – may result or relate to how a space or group of spaces are used in response to call such as efficient use of space or the desired amount of interaction in an office
Density
Include mechanical services, such as mechanical systems as well as other functions that support the use of space. Distribution of surprise, storage space, information, and vending areas are examples of these types of functions.
Service groupings
States whether activity should be integrated or separated and compartmentalized.
Activity grouping
States the degree of masking of people in a space and is derived from the physical, social, and emotional characteristics of the group
People grouping 
Related to the concept of territoriality and is a place where people can maintain his or her individuality
Home base
Include the infinities of people and activities. This is one of the most common programming concepts established in any design problem because it is most directly affects the organization of the space and rooms
 relationships
Is the response to the goal of promoting the effective exchange of information or ideas
Communications
Is a concept refers to how the project will promote or prevent sociability and how it relates to its neighboring spaces
Neighbors
Relates to the idea of entry to a space or building and making the facility accessible to people with disabilities
Accessibility
Relates to segregating the flow of people, service access, or other activities of a building space.
Separated flow
As a concept is a response to the goal of promoting interaction among people
Mixed flow
Is often required for both people and objects were specific series of events or processes is required
Sequential flow
Refers to providing a point of reference with an a spacer building to help keep people from feeling lost within a larger context
Orientation
Includes three components. The first, expandability refers to how is faze can accommodate gross with expansion, the second, convertibility, refers to have a space can allow for changes in function throughout the conversion of the space, and third, versatility come provides for several different activities with multi functional
Flexibility
Allows for extra space for a dynamic activity instead of hitting the space precisely to a static activity
Tolerance
Focuses attention on my safety in the conceptual ways to achieve it. Building codes in other safety precautions are closely tied to this concept 
Safety
Refers to Waze the best people in property can be protected based on the value of potential loss – minimum, medium, or maximum
Security controls
Can be achieved in several ways: by keeping the heated area to a minimum, keeping heat flow to a minimum, using materials producing low amounts of energy, using recycled materials, and using recyclable materials
Energy conservation
Expose the kinds of control it’s necessary to make him and comfort needs, including air temperature, light, sound, humidity. This concept includes mechanical systems as well as natural means for climate control
Environmental control
Determines of the project must be completed in stages to meet time and cost schedules
 phasing
Score of the ways to establish realistic preview of cost in a balanced budget to meet the clients available funds
Call control
Involves the correctness of fit between objects in spaces in the need of the people using the objects in spaces
Human factors
A measurement of the size, proportions, and range of motion of the human body
Anthropometrics 
Measures the human body at rest
Static anthropometric‘s
Measures the human body while performing activities
Dynamic anthropometric
The study of the relationship between humans physiology and physical environment
Ergonomics
What is the typical height of a keyboard surface
Between 26 and 28 1/2 inches high
Based on the quality of the following primary environmental factors: temperature, humidity, air movement, temperature radiation to and from surrounding surfaces, air quality, sound, vibration, and light
Human factors
The amount of heat required to raise 1 pound of water by 1°F
British thermal unit BTU
The transfer of heat through the movement of a fluid, either gas or liquid
Convection
Occurs when moisture changes to vapor as a person perspires or breathes 
Evaporation
The transfer of heat energy through electromagnetic waves from one service to a colder surface
Radiation
The transfer of heat through direct contact between two objects of different temperatures
Conduction
Primary determinant of comfort. It is difficult to stay precisely a normal range of comfortable temperature limits, because the range depends on the factors such as humidity levels, radiant temperatures, air movement, clothing, cultural factors, age, and gender.
Air temperature
What is generally a comfortable range of temperature
69°F to 80°F
What is generally a tolerable range of temperature
60°F to 85°F
This has been developed that combines the effect of air temperature, humidity, and air movement
Effective temperature
Relative it is the percentage of moisture in the air compared with the maximum amount of moisture in the air can hold a given temperature without condensing
Humidity
What are comfortable relative humidity range is
Between 30 and 60%
What are tolerable relative humidity ranges
Between 20 and 70%
Distance to increase evaporation and heat roster convection. This is why a person feels comfortable and have it temperatures and humidity is if there’s a breeze.
Air movement
Because the body can gain and lose heat through this, the temperature of the surrounding service is an important factor in determining human comfort
Radiation
A weighted average of the various surface temperatures in a room
The main radiant temperature MRT
Required to provide oxygen and removes carbon dioxide, to remove odors, and to carry away  contaminant
Ventilation
Written forms that people fill in with requested information. They are useful when large number of people are needed to be surveyed and time or resources do not allow for individual interviews
Questionnaire
The process of looking at previously completed designs, construction methods, or material choices to guide or suggest the solution to the current problem
President study
A detailed analysis of an existing facility or interior that is simply a proposed project. The goal of this is to learn how it functions and meets the needs of its users. It differs from President study and that it examines the entire facility or interior and is interrelated of various parts, instead of individual pieces
Case study
A research process that compares project data against data sets from other similar projects, either within the same design firm or across multiple design firms. This is the way to develop baseline for a specific type of information; it is a point of reference against which other things, people, cost, time or activities can be measured
Benchmarking
