Ch.13 Mechanical and electrical systems Flashcards
What does HVAC stand for
Heating ventilating an air conditioner
What is used to heat or cool a building
Air or water
What type of systems cooler heat Spaces by conditioned air alone. He is transported to the space for supply and return air ducts.
All air system
How does a residential forced hot air furnace work
A boiler powered by oil or gas heat distributed throughout the house and duct work. Return air ducks in each room collect the cold air and return it to the furnace for reheating. If necessary, and air-conditioning is connected to the same ductwork to provide cold and dehumidified air
What are some of the year oh air systems in commercial construction
Variable air volume VAV, High velocity dual duct, constant volume with reheat, and multi zone systems.
The space between the suspended ceiling and the structural floor above
 plenum
If I were to partition 16 above this has been at ceiling, they supply air ducts and openings for return air must be provided. At the locations where the firewalls penetrated what is required
Fire dampers
These heating systems use some type of coil unit called a contractor and each space through which hot water circulating. The hot water heater fan of the coil unit, and the air is heated as it dries over the fence. There may be circulated by convection, as with most baseboard residential Finn to radiators, or buy for circulation created with a fan.
All water heating system
Combination systems that you don’t work to supply fresh air but water to heat and cool the air before it is introduced the conditioned space.
Terminal reheat systems
Where did small ducks in plumbing pipes run in residential design
Within the wall and floor joists
What is wrong with in the walls and floor joists in residential construction
Small ducts and plumbing pipes
Where are horizontal ducks normally run in commercial construction
Plenum
Where are vertical ducts normally run in commercial construction
In their own chases 
And enclosed vertical space used only to accommodate ducts or pipes. In multi story buildings these run continuously through floors.
A chase
This is located in the Plenum and it adjusted quantity or temperature of air going into a space from the main air supply lines, reduces the velocity of air, and attenuates noise. This is also called a VAV box and it is typically placed above the ceiling within or near the space it serves
A mixing box
What type of system do mixing boxes actually mix cool in hot air coming into it from two separate ducks and distribute the mix air into ducts serving individual rooms in spaces
Dual duct system
Within these types of systems the box contains a hot water coiled provides additional heat to the airstream. These can easily be identified by the air ducts and copper pipes leading into them.
Terminal reheat system
What are the typical sizes of mixing boxes
Mixing boxes can range in size from 6 inches to 18 inches high, 24 inches to 60 inches long, and 14 inches to 66 inches wide.
Are mixing boxes easy or difficult to move? Expensive?
Difficult and expensive
What is the best way to confirm the location of the HVAC, plumbing, electrical, and fire protection services?
Going on site and viewing the space above the ceiling
False floor of individual panels raised above the structural for with pedestals. Most commonly used to accommodate electrical, communication, and computer wiring, but it can also be used to provide space for some types of HVAC ductwork. The ductwork serves individual workstations.
Access flooring
Consist of two runs of studs separated by several inches, the exact dimension being determined by the largest pipe or duct that Hass to be concealed. Only the finish side of each run of studs is covered with wallboard. These walls are commonly used between back-to-back commercial toilet rooms where extensive plumbing work and toilet carriers are required.
chase wall
A steel framework that is bolted to the floor inside a pipe chase and carries the weight of the wall hung toilet
Toilet carrier
Infomercial construction him wear a Plenum is used as return air space what does building code prohibit
The use of Combustible materials such as wood or exposed wire
In some cases when required by the local authority having jurisdiction what must be installed to limit the spread of fire and smoke horizontally? Normally these are simply an extension of the fire rated partition.
Fire rated dividers
Describe the upper most layer of the Plenum in a steel structure
Require deep girders and intersecting beams with a few inches of fire proofing.
Describe the upper most layer of the plenum concrete construction
The space needed can vary depending on the framework
Where are mechanical ducts, mixing boxes, and other HVAC requirements usually located
Below structural members
What is the depth of the Plenum usually determined
By the depth of the largest duct that runs below the deepest steel girder or a concrete beam
What is usually located below the ductwork
Sprinkler and plumbing piping
How much space to sprinkler and plumbing piping typically need
4 to 6 inches of vertical space
What constitutes the lowest layer of the Plenum
Lumineers
How much space is typically required for Lumineers
9 to 12 inches depending on the type of fixtures chosen
How much space is required for the depth of the suspended ceiling
2 inches however, there must be an additional space to allow installers to tip the tile when installing the ceiling
Typically small seal doors with frames that are open by using thumb turn or a key. If required these are available as fire rated assemblies. They provide access to certain mechanical and electrical systems in gypsum wallboard ceiling
Access door
Where are thermostats typically located
Away from exterior walls, heat sources, or other areas that personally affect their operation. They are normally located 48 inches above the floor, but they should be coordinated with light switches and other nearby wall-mounted control devices.
How much space should be between glass and any window covering to avoid excess heat buildup in commercial construction
 2in
When an office wall intersects an exterior wall with a convector running near the floor and the convector allows warm air to circulate it also allows sound to penetrate and travel inside the contactor past the partition and out the opening on the other side. How much should a conductor be modified to prevent this
Cutting the convector or piping which is difficult and expensive or about using sealant inside the convector and still allowing the hot water pipe to run continuously.
These can be used when the appearance of the air distribution device needs to be minimized or when the available space does not allow for a square diffuser. Is diffusers are long and narrow and contained from 2 to 8 spots, resulting in a finish opening of about 3 to 8 inches in width. They can be purchased in any length and use for either supply or return air.
Slot air diffuser
Where are slime diffusers typically used
In wallboard ceilings
Any type of system that conserves energy in HVAC
Displacement ventilation
What do single lines represent on HVAC drawings
Piping or duct work
Ducts are notated with a line and a number what do the first and second number represent
The first number represents the width in inches and the second number represents the height in inches
Supply air register with device indicator with dirt size in CFM indicator
Return air grill with indicator device
Linear slot diffuser
Supply air duct width size, width x height
Flexible duct work
Manual volume damper
Thermostat
Undercut door with undercut height
Keynote
Consist of Remore plastic insulated conductors in ground wire surrounded by a moisture resistant plastic jacket
Romex 
What are other names for flexible metal clad cable 
Armored cable AC, BX, flex 
Consists of two or more plastic insulated conductors encased in a continuous spiral wound the strip of steel tape. It is often used in remodeling work because it can be pulled through existing spaces within a building. It is also used to connect commercial light fixtures so they can be relocated in a suspended acoustical ceiling.
Flexible metal clad cable
Who supports and protects the wiring, serves as a system ground, and protect surrounding construction from fire if the wire overheats or shorts
Conduit
Thin, flat, protected wire that can be laid under carpet without protruding. Cable for both 120 V circuits and telephone lines is available, but it must be used with carpet tiles so that it is readily accessible
Under carpet wiring
Do you or approved plastic boxes to reach the conduit or other cable system is attached. You’re single switches and duplex outlet, boxes measure about 2 x 4”. Larger boxes are 4 in.², and several could be connected if there are more than two switches or two duplex outlet. They are required were light fixtures are connected to the electrical system
Junction boxes
What is the spacing required for outlets in residential construction
Outlets must be spaced no further than 12 feet apart, and there must be a duplex outlet on each wall surface were furniture might be placed so lamp words and the like do not have to be stretched across door openings
Special power outlets that must be placed on the own circuit and prevent various types of electrical interference from disturbing sensitive electrical equipment such as computers connected to them. The circuit should be clearly defined differentiated on the plan, and the exact electrical requirement of the equipment should be given to the electrical engineer. Circuits that require voltage is greater than 120 must Machines
Dedicated circuits
A separate wire in addition to the two that provide power. It prevents a dangerous shot if someone touches an appliance with a short circuit and still simultaneously touches the ground path such as a water pipe ground provides a path for the fart
Grounding
Small devices that detect small current weeks and disconnect the power to the circuit or appliance. They can be a part of a circuit breaker or installed as an outlet. They are required and dwelling units in the following locations bathrooms, garages, accessory buildings at Or below grade, outdoors, crawlspace is, unfinished basement, countertop receptacles in kitchens, laundry and utility rooms within 6 feet of the outside edge of wet bar, and in boat houses.
GFCI or ground fault circuit interrupters often called GFI ground fault interrupter‘s
Where am I GFCI or GFI outlets are used in commercial spaces
Bathrooms
This device is intended to provide protection from the effects of arc faults by recognizing characteristics unique to arcing and functioning to de-energize the circuit when this type of fault is detected. In some jurisdictions they are required in bedroom branch circuits that have several receptacles, lighting, and other locations. In these jurisdictions, the bedroom branch circuits must run separately from all other circuits in the dwelling. The national electric code also requires them on 15 and 20 amp branch circuits supplying outlets and family rooms, dining room, living room, library, Dennis, sunrooms, recreation rooms, closets, hallways and similar rooms.
Arc fault circuit interrupter AFCI
What are AFCI outlets designed to do
Address fire hazards
What are GFCI outlets designed to do
Detect small leaks of current to an unintended grounding source
Both GFCI and AFC I can be used as a receptacle or a part of a circuit breaker however because a FCI is required to serve lighting where are they generally placed
In the breaker box
What type of cable can be used instead of wrapping cable in a conduit but it is more expensive than standard cable
Plenum rated cable
What are the two major components of plumbing systems
Water supply and drainage
What types of systems are easy to locate in wall cavities because they are generally small
Water supply
These are located at every fixture and design to catch and hold the quantity of water to provide hey seal that prevents gases from the sewer system from entering the building. The locations of these are not installed include fixtures that has these as an integral part of their design such as toilets and where two or three adjacent fixtures are connected
Traps 
Traps must be connected to these. These are pipes connected to the drainage system at various locations, open to the outside air, and design to serve two purposes. First, they allow build up sewage gases to escape instead of bubble through the water in the traps. Secondly a lot of pressure in the system to equalize so discharging ways does not create a siphon that would drain the water out of the traps.
Vents
Where does sewage travel in a fixture branch from the trap
Vertical stack
What type of vertical stack carries human waste from toilets
Soil stack
what is the minimum slope for drains 
1/4 inch per foot
How much space do soil stacks require
4 inch diameter pipes that have an actual outside diameter someone larger than 4 inches
What three objectives do fire protection in life safety address
The protection of life, the protection of property, and the restoration and continued use of the building after a fire.
Achieve through building materials, Compartmentation, and smoke control
Fire containment
This is a cheese do fire detection in alarms, sprinkler systems, standpipes, and other methods.
Fire suppression 
A critical concept in fire in life safety. The basic ideas to contain a fire and limited spread, both to allow the building occupants to escape and to protect other parts of the building that are not initially subject to the fire.
Compartmentation
Basic fire detection device which response to products of combustion ionized particles rather than to smoke.
Ionization detector
Basic for a device that response to smoke, which of scares a light beam in the device. These are you spell wear a potential buyers may produce a great deal of smoke before bursting into flames
Photoelectric detectors
These basic fire devices since the presence of heat and can be set to trip an alarm when a particular temperature is reached in the room. The major disadvantage is the flames must usually be present before the alarm temperature is reached
Rise of temperature detector
Basic fire devised the response to infrared or ultraviolet radiation given off by the flames.
Flame detector
What height buildings require sprinklers
75 feet
What are the three categories of fire hazard
Light ordinary and extra hazard
In the light hazard category there must be one sprinkler for every how many square feet
200 or 225 if the design of the system is hydraulically calculated
For every how many square feet is the sprinkler required when open wood ceiling joists are used
130
What is the maximum spacing between sprinkler heads for 220 square-foot coverage requirement
15 feet
Pipes that run the height of the building and provide water outlets at each floor to which the fire fighting hose can be connected
Standpipes
What are the general classes of a fire extinguisher
ABCD
This type of fire extinguisher involves ordinary combustibles of paper, wood, and cloth extinguishers for these fires contain water or water based
Class a 
These types of fire extinguishers involve flammable liquids, such as gasoline, solvents, and paints. This type of extinguisher contain smothering types of chemicals, like carbon dioxide, foam, and halogenated agents.
Type B
This type of fire extinguisher involves electrical equipment, and the crew corresponding extinguisher contains non-conductive agents.
Type C
This type of fire extinguisher involves combustible metals.
Type D
Commonly referred to as halon, are used where water might damage the contents of a room, like in computer installations. Halon is a gas used that chemically inhibits the spread of fire. However, how long is a chlorofluorocarbon gas that can damage the ozone layer, so alternate extinguishing agents are also used
Halogenated agents
This is commonly used for flammable liquid fires might occur, for example, and industrial plants were air hangers
Foam
This response to fire by expanding rapidly, insulating the surfaces they protect or fill in gaps to prevent the passage of fire, heat, and smoke. They are available in the form of strips, cock, paint, and spreadable putty.
Intumescent material
What are the three categories of intrusion detection devices
Perimeter protection, area or room protection, and object protection
Secure the entry points to a space or building. Devices in this category include doors, windows, and skylights, and can also include ducts, tunnels, and other service entrances.
Perimeter protection
These are used on doors and windows to either sound an alarm when the contact is broken or send a signal to Central monitoring and control station. He’s gonna be surface mounted, resistant to the door and frame, or concealed in special hinges. The hinges may only be available in certain sizes and finishes, therefore, the other hardware are you still on the job must be coordinated with them.
Magnetic contacts
These since when I window has been broken or cut, either by using metallic foil or with a small vibration detector mounted on the glass.
Glass break detector
These screens have fun wires embedded in them that can be used to set off an alarm when they were cut or broken
Window screens
The cells detect when the beam has been broken, either by a door opening or by someone passing through an opening. These can be service mounted better more secure and look better if the provisions are made to recess them in the partition of the construction
Photoelectric cells
These devices sense when someone is in the room or an area within the field of coverage. These devices have the average of warning of unauthorized entry when the perimeter sensors have not been activated.
Area or room protection devices
These beams worn off intruders by sending a post infrared beam across the space. If the beam is broken the device either sounds an alarm or send a signal to the monitoring station. These can be focused in both large and small areas. The equipment is small and usually can be recessed or concealed
Photoelectric beams
These detector since sources of infrared radiation, such as human body, compared with the normal room radiation. They’re unobtrusive but must have a clear field of view of the area they are protecting
Infrared detectors
Is detectors listen for unusual sound in space that levels above what is normally encountered. When that level is exceeded, an alarm sound it. Microphones can also be used to continuously monitor all sounds in space through speaker at Central monitoring station
Audio detectors
The sensors can detect wait on the floor or on other surfaces. Since her meds can be separate fixtures laid over the existing floor finish or place under the carpet or other building materials
Pressure sensors
These detectors a mini very high frequency sound waves. When an intruder interrupts this wave, an alarm signal is activated. The range of ultrasonic detectors is limited to a space in about 12 feet high and 20‘ x 30‘ wide
Ultrasonic detector
These detectors in the field of microwave radiation and since interruptions in that field. Their uses limited to interior construction, however, because the microwave radiation can  penetrate most building materials and can be reflected
Microwave detector
Used to sense movement or tampering with individual objects, so just safes, artwork, file cabinets, or other equipment.
Object protection
These detect with metal objects are touched
Capacitance proximity detectors
Please sense the a disturbance of an object
Vibration detectors
Is determine if the space around an object is violated
Infrared motion detectors
Interception of sound and electromagnetic signals with remote sensing devices.
Electronic surveillance
What is one of the ways to achieve acceptable levels of protection for most corporate uses
Copper foils
What is a way to achieve acceptable levels of protection that is covered with an electronically conductive metallic coding
Nonwoven fabric
