Ch.17 Architectural woodwork Flashcards
Custom, shop fabricated millwork built primarily of lumber and used for interior finish construction and specialty furnishings. It includes cabinetry, paneling, custom doors and frames, shelving, custom furniture, and special interior trim.
Architectural wood work
Wood work completed on the job site
Finish carpentry
What are the three grades of millwork
Premium, custom, and economy
That’s great of Newark is the highest level of quality in materials, workmanship, and installation. It is usually reserved for special projects of special features within a project
Premium grade
This grade of millwork is the most common grade and still produces a higher quality job
Custom
This grade of nowhere defines the minimum level of quality, materials, and workmanship.
Economy
Consist of pre-fabricated cabinets that are selected from a manufacturer standard product line. It is commonly used in residential kitchens and baths, laboratories, schools, and other areas where quality cabinets are required but custom construction it’s not required
Modular case work
Refers to timber from Evergreen trees, such as Pine and fir.
Softwood
Refers to timber from deciduous trees such as oak and maple
Hardwood
A piece of lumber generally 1/2 inch or thicker used alone to form some woodwork component.
Solid stock
Send piece of wood usually less than 1/16 inch thick sliced from a log and glued to a backing of particleboard or firewood, normally 3/4 inch thick
Veneer
Makes the most efficient use of the log and is the least expensive of the three methods. Because the word is cut with various orientations to the grain of the tree, this results in a finished surface with the characteristic cathedral pattern
Plain sawn 
Produced by cutting the log into quarters and then sewing perpendicular to the diameter line. Because the saw is nearly perpendicular to the grain, the resulting green pattern is more uniformlyvertical
Quarter sawn
Provides an even more consistent vertical brain because the saw cuts are always made radiology to the center of the tree. Because the log must be shifted after each cut and because there’s much waste, this time is more expensive than quarters sewing and is seldom done.
Rift sawn
Accomplished in the same way as they are when cutting solid stock, except the resulting pieces are much thinner.
Plane slicing and quarter slicing for veneers
This type of slicing of wood veneer is produces more straight grain pattern then slicing clean because the cutting knife strikes the growth rings at approximately a 90 degree angle
Quarter slicing
This type of veneer slicing, the log is mounted on a lathe and returned against a knife, which peeled off the continuous layer of veneer. This produces a very pronounced grain pattern that is often undesirable in fine quality wood finishes, although it does produce the most Venere with the least waste
Rotary slicing
Quarter sawing
Rift sawing
Plain sawing 
Similar to Rotary slicing, but the log is cut in half, and the venue is cut slightly across the annual growth rings. This results in a pronounced green pattern showing characteristics of both rotary sliced and plain sliced veneers
Half round slicing
This type of slicing of wood veneers is accomplished by quartering a log and cutting at a 15° angle to the growth rings. Like quarter slicing, it results in a straight grain pattern and is commonly used with oak to illuminate the appearance of markings perpendicular to the direction of the grain. These markings in oak are caused by medullary rays, which are radial cells extending from the tree center to its circumference
Rift slicing
Individual veneers that come from the same piece of log
Flitch 
Rotary slicing
Half round slicing
Rift slicing
Plain slicing
Quarter slicing
Half lap
Finger joint
Rabbet
Scarf
Dado
Dovetail Dado
Miter
Shoulder miter
Splinter miter
Most commercial base cabinets are constructed with ___ thick product
3/4 inch
How thick is the back of a base cabinet typically in commercial construction
1/4 inch
An oversized piece of plastic laminate or a word that can be trimmed in the field to follow any minor irregularities of the wall
Scribe
Other than using a scribe what is another way that countertops can be installed
A template can be created from thin hardboard or cardboard after the base cabinets have been placed this template and then take him back to the shop and used to precisely cut the countertop, including any out of square conditions, Wall irregularities, or odd shapes
A. Backsplash -scribe top edge to match wall
B.  countertop
C. 1 1/2 inch
D. Drawer
E. Handle
F. Door
G. Base
H.  cabinet frame
I. adjustable or fixed shelves
J. 36 inch
A. Scribe top edge of ceiling
B. Ceiling or dropped soffit
C. Spacer as required
D. Handle
E. Light fixture optional provide front lip to cabinet or extend door
F. Scribe
G. Blocking in metal stud cavity
How are upper cabinets attached to the wall in residential construction
It is attached to the wall by screwing through the cabinet back in wall finish into the wood studs
How are upper cabinets attached to the wall in commercial construction
We are metal studs are used, wood blocking is required in the stud cavity behind the wall finish. This blocking is installed as the studs are being erected and is attached to them with screws. The blocking provides a solid base for attaching the cabinets to the wall
What are the four basic categories of door and drawer front construction
Flush, flush overlay, reveal overlay, and lipped overlay
In this type of construction, the face of the drawer or door is installed flush with the face frame. Extra care and expense are required to fit in a while and the doors and drawers within the frame. In many cases, the doors and drawers me SAG, resulting in nonuniform spacing between fronts and causing some doors and drawers to find against the frame.
Flush construction
A variation of flesh construction is this type of construction. In this version, part of the door or drawer overlaps the frame and covers the joint between the two pieces 
Lipped overlay 
In this type of construction, the front of the door or drawer overlaps the face frame of the cabinet. Edges of the adjacent door or drawer fronts are separated only enough to allow operation without touching, usually about 1/8 inch or less. Only doors and drawers Are visible, and they are all flush with each other. Cabinets using this type of construction are often referred to as European cabinets
Flush overlay construction
In this type of cabinet construction, the edges of the adjacent drawer and door fronts are separated enough to reveal the face frame behind. The width of the review can be whatever the designer or manufacturer wants, subject to the width of the face frame. This construction is often less expensive than flush overlay construction because mine are misalignments in sagging are not as noticeable. This is the more traditional method of constructing cabinets
Reveal overlay construction
This allows the cabinet installer to fit the cabinet or countertop edge precisely against the wall that may not be perfectly straight. it may be a separate piece of wood fit between the cabinet and wall. Alternatively, the frame next to the wall can be cut slightly oversized to allow for trimming on the job site
Scribe
What are the two basic types of wood paneling
Style and rail paneling and flush paneling
Also known as raised panel, this is the traditional type, composed of vertical pieces and horizontal pieces and closing a penalty area.
Stile and rail paneling
What are the vertical pieces in stile and rail construction
Stiles
What are the horizontal pieces in stile and rail construction
Rails
This type of paneling has a flat, smooth surface with the edges but it together or jointed with a reveal, it is built up of thin wood veneers glued to backing panels of particleboard, plywood, or other suitable panel product
Flush paneling
What are the three methods in veneer matching
Matching between adjacent veneer leaves, matching veneers within a panel, and matching panels within a room
This is the most common method for matching adjacent veneer leaves. It is when the veneers are sliced off the log and every other piece is turned over so that the adjacent leaf form a symmetrical grain pattern.
Book matching
This type of veneer matching is consecutive pieces are placed side-by-side in the same face sides are exposed.
Slip matching
This type of the near matching place is the nearest in a random sequence, and veneers from different switches may even be used
Random matching
This method of going veneers simply alternates book matched veneer pieces, regardless of their whip or how many pieces must be used to complete a panel. Any portion left over from the last leave the one panel is used as the starting piece for the next.m
A running match
FLush construction
Lipped overlay construction
Flush overlay construction
Review overlay construction
A. Cornice or crown molding
B. Jamb molding
C. Wainscot cap
D. Raised panel Dado
E. Baseboard 
F. Base shoe
G.
H. wainscot
I. Bottom rail
J. Panel
K. Stile
L. Top rail
Utilizes veneer pieces trimmed to equal widths in each panel. type of bookmatch
Balance match
Type of book match that has an even number of veneer leaves of uniform width so that there is a veneer joint in the center of the panel
Center match
Panels that are normally 4 feet wide by 8 feet or 10 feet long, or assembled from a single switch that yields from 6 to 12 panels. They are field cut to fit around the doors, windows, and other obstructions, resulting in some loss of grain continuity
Pre-manufactured panel assembly
Type of panel assembly that uses panels of uniform with manufactured for a specific job and with the veneers arranged in sequence. If some panels must be trimmed to fit around doors or other obstructions, there is a moderate loss of grain continuity
Sequence match
Most expensive method of panel assembly. Here, the panels are manufactured to precisely fit the room and line up with every obstructions a brain continuity is not interrupted. The nearest from the same flitch are matched over doors, cabinets, and other items covered with paneling.
Blue print matching
Book matching
Slip matching
Random matching
What are two things that are used to hang panels on a wall
Wood cleats or aluminum Z clips
What is another name for plastic laminate
High pressure decorative laminate HPDL
A thin sheet of material made by impregnating several layers of craft paper with Bino raisins over layering the paper with patterned or colored sheet and a layer of melamine resin. The entire assembly is placed in a hot press under high pressure with the various layers fuse. These are used for countertops, wall paneling, cabinets, shelving, and furniture
Plastic laminate or high-pressure decorative laminate HPDL
What are some of the substrates used for plastic laminate construction
Particleboard, medium density fiberboard MDF, hard board, and veneer core
This is another popular substrate for plastic laminate that is made by breaking down woodfibers into very fine fluff and then mixing them with glue and compressing the mixture under high pressure. The resulting product is normally formed in 4’ x 8’ sheets ranging from 1/4 inch to 1 1/4 inch thick. It can be formed and molding ranging from 16 feet to 24 feet long
MDF
Flush joint with eased edge
Reveal joint
Running match
Balance match
Center match
Pre-manufactured
Sequence match
Blue print match
Like particleboard, this has a smooth surface, but that can sometimes cause bonding problems. 
Hardboard
Subject to warpage and other problems, therefore, it is not recommended for interior applications typically used for veneer substrate
Veneer core
What is the most common general purpose type thickness of plastic laminate
0.05 inches thick
What is general purpose type plastic laminate used for
Vertical and horizontal applications
How thick is post forming type of plastic laminate
0.04 inches thick
What is post forming plastic laminate used for
So it can be heated and bent to small radius
How big is general purpose laminate for vertical use
0.028 inches thick
An item at fixed length such as a door or window casing, that can be installed with a single length of wood
Standing trim
An item of continuing length, such as a baseboard, chair rail, or cornice.
Running trim
What is the optimum moisture content of millwork and interior applications
5% to 10% with an average of 8%
what is the relative humidity necessary to maintain the optimum level for millwork and interior applications
25 to 55%
What are examples of opaque finishes
Lacquer, varnish, polyurethane and polyester
Where should opaque finishes be used
On clothed grain wood where solid stock is required, and on medium density fiberboard where she materials are required
A coding material with a high nitrocellulose contact modified with raisins in plasticizers dissolved in a volatile solvents. 
Lacquer
Consists of various types of resonance materials dissolved in one of several types of volatile liquids. 
Varnish
It synthetic material that creates a very hard, durable finish. Although difficult to repair or refinish, it finishes offer superior resistance to abrasion and to penetration over damage from water and may many commercial and household chemicals.
Polyurethane
Z clip
Wood cleats
Another type of synthetic material that gives the hardest, most durable finish possible. These can be colored and are available only in a full glass sheen. Like polyurethanes, these finishes are difficult to repair or refinish outside the shop, but they create very durable finishes with as much as 80% of the hardness of glass
Polyester
What are some examples of transparent finishes
Lacquer, varnish, vinyl, penetrating oil‘s, polyurethane, and polyester
Type of lacquer that create a transparent finish it is more difficult to repair and refinish but is more durable and resistant to commercial and household chemicals. It’s special water reducible acrylic is available if local regulations prohibit the use of other types
Catalyzed lacquer
Type of varnish that has many of the same advantages of lacquer but can often be applied with fewer coats. is transparent
Conversion varnish
Type of transparent finish that yields a surface that has the most chemical resistance of the standard lacquer, varnish, and final finishes. It is very resistant to scratching, abrasion, and other mechanical damage.
Catalyst Vinyl
One of the most traditional transparent word finishes. They are easy applied and give a ritual it to the wood, but they are require roiling periodically intend to dark in with age. They look up an oil finish can be achieved with a catalyzed vinyl
Oil finishes
As with OPEC finishes both of these finishes provide the most durable transparent finishes possible they are the most expensive of the finishing systems and require skilled applicators.
Polyurethane and polyester
What sheens do transparent polyurethanes come in
Dull to full gloss
What Shinzo transparent polyesters available in
Full gloss 
What are the two types of stains
Water-based and solvent based
Type of stain that you’ll do uniform color, but they raise the grain
Water-based stain
Type of stain that dries quickly and do not raise the grain, but are less uniform
Solvent based stain
A generic term for homogeneous, polymer-based servicing materials. This is a combination of two ingredients a filler and a clear resin binder, either acrylic, polyester, or a mixture of one of the two. Various colors in speckles can be added with pigments and small bits of the product itself. These made formed into thick, flat sheets or shaved such as kitchen sinks. It is frequently used for kitchen and bath countertops, sinks, toilet partitions, bars, and other areas where high-pressure plastic laminate might otherwise be used
Solid surfacing
What is the standard thickness for a solid surface and countertops
3/4 inch, but newer, lower priced products are 1/2 inch thick
How are two pieces of solid surface material butted together
A two-part Apoxsee or liquid form of material is used for a seamless appearance
The process by which crushed courts particles are set them in a thermal plastic polyester resin with mineral oxide pigments to create durable and scratch resistant surfacing material. The material is fabricated by vibrating the courts mixture and subjecting it to high pressure in a vacuum. Heating fuses the resin to the aggregates. Then, the material is polish, phone, or given a matte finish
Quartz surfacing 
What are some of the ways that quartz surfacing can be used
Horizontal and vertical surfaces including countertops, walls, toilet and bath compartments, railings, floors in other areas where flat panels are used in woodwork fabrication
What are the generally available thicknesses of quartz surfacing
, 3/4 inch, 1/2, and 1-1/4 inch and wits from 52 to 60 inches inches
Is granite or quartz stronger
Quartz
Is marble or quartz stronger
Quartz
Wall and ceiling finished, including wainscoting, paneling, or other finish, applied either structurally or for decoration, acoustic correction, surface insulation, or similar purposes. Requirements do not apply to some types of trim, including handrails and guard rails. Nor do they applied materials that are less than 0.036 inches thick and applied directly to the surface of the wall or ceiling
Interior finishes defined by the IBC
What is the flame spread rating requirement for trim
Class C
