Ch.11 Interior construction Flashcards
The most common construction element for both residential and commercial interior design.
Partition
What are the three most frequently used Materials for partitions
Gypsum wallboard, lath and plaster, and masonry
Consists of a gypsum course sandwiched between heavy paper or other materials. It is factory for them to do standard size sheets ready for dry application onto framing. Because if it’s many advantages, it is the most common material used for construction in partitions in both residential and commercial construction.
Gypsum wallboard
What are the advantages of using gypsum wallboard
Low installed cost, quick and easy installation, fire resistance, sound control capability, easy availability, and versatility, ease of finishing and decorating, and ease of installation of doors and other openings
What are the sizes available for a gypsum wallboard sheets
4 feet wide and eight, 10, 12, and 14 feet in length
What thickness do gypsum wallboard sheets come in
1/4 inch to 5/8 inches there are also special 1 inch thick core board used for shaft enclosures and it is manufactured in 2 foot widths. There’s also a special 3/4 inch thick product that carries a two hour fire rating.
What thickness of gypsum wallboard is most commonly used in commercial construction
5/8 inches
What thickness of gypsum wallboard is most commonly used in residential construction
1/2 inch
What thickness of gypsum wallboard can sometimes be used for application such as furred down walls in commercial settings
1/2 inch
What thickness of gypsum wallboard is used for forming curved surfaces and providing new finishes over old wall and ceiling surfaces.
1/4 inch
What thickness of gypsum wallboard is used in some double layer applications or when wallboard is applied over other finished walls and remodeling work. Double layer applications are used when additional fire resistance is required or for extra acoustical control between rooms.
3/8 inch
What is the most common wallboard edge type on the face side along the long dimension of the panel
Tapered edge
What is the most common edge type of gypsum wallboard at the ends
Square edges
What is the benefit of using tapered edges in gypsum wallboard applications
Tapered edges allow for application of reinforcing tape and joint compound without causing bulges at the joints.
What type of gypsum wallboard is used for fire rated partitions
Type X
What type of gypsum wallboard is used for vapor barriers, Water resistant for use behind tile and in other moderately moist conditions, backing board for two layer applications, and pre-decorated with vinyl wall covering already applied.
Foil backed
How is gypsum wallboard applied
Gypsum wallboard is applied by nailing you’re screwing it to wood or metal framing, or with mastic when applying it to smooth, dry concrete or masonry walls or to the base layer of wallboard. The joints are finished by embedding paper or fiberglass tape in a special joint compound and allowing it to dry. Additional layers of joint compound or at it and send it after each application to give a smooth, finished wall surface. Various types of textured finishes can be applied, or the surface can be left smooth for the application of wallpaper, vinyl wall covering, or other finishes.
What does GA stand for
Gypsum association
What level of gypsum wallboard requires no taping, finishing, or accessory‘s
Type 0
What type of gypsum wallboard requires joints in interior angles to have tape in bedded in joint compound with the surface free of excess joint compound. This level is used for plenums above ceilings and other areas not normally open to view.
Level 1
What level of gypsum wallboard is similar to level two, except it two coats of joint compound are used to the surface is free of tool marks and ridges. This level is used where the surface will receive heavy or medium textured finishes or where heavy grade wall coverings are to be applied
Level 3
What level of gypsum wallboard is similar to level three except it three coats of joint compound are used. This level is used for light textures or wall coverings will be applied or where economy is of concern. Gloss, semi gloss, and enamel paints are not recommended over this level of finish.
Level 4
What level of gypsum wallboard similar to level for excepted a thin skim coat of joint compound is applied over the entire surface. This level is used for a gloss, semi gloss, animal, or non-textured Black Panther specified where where severe lighting Condition exist.
Level 5
What types of framing is typically used in residential construction
2 x 4 and 2 x 6 wood studs
Why are metal framing studs typically used for commercial construction
Metal studs are non-combustible and easier to install. Metal framing consist of white gauge steel studs set in floor and ceiling runners
What are the standard depth of steel studs
1 5/8 inches, 2 1/2 inches, 3 5/8 inches, four, and 6 inches
What type of furring channels are used for ceiling framing Anthofer out from concrete or masonry walls if the walls are uneven or if additional depth is needed for electrical outlets or insulation
Hat shaped
What type of channels are used to improve the acoustical properties of a wall by isolating the wallboard from rigid attachment to the framing
Resilient channels
What is the most commonly used stud size which is sufficient for normal ceiling heights and slab to slab partitions and allows enough room for electrical boxes and small pipes
2 1/2 inches
What is the normal spacing for metal studs used in all construction
16 or 24 inches on center. The narrower measurements are used for residential construction.
What is used for all exterior corners not otherwise protected, and various types of edge trim
A corner bead
Edge trim requiring finished with joint compound. It has a back flange, so it must be fitted over the edge of the wall board before the wall board is fastened to the substrate
LC bead
It’s trim without a back flange, good for insulation after the wall board has been installed. It requires finishing with joint compound.
L bead 
Edge trim in which the edge of the metal is noticeable. It is sometimes called J metal by contractors. It does not require finishing with joint compound.
U bead
Edge trim for use with various thicknesses of wallboard in it kerfed jamb also known as one with a small slot cut. It requires finishing with joint compound
LK bead
Describe the common construction of a wall for residential construction
2 x 4 studs 16 inches on center, covered with one layer of 1/2 inch wallboard on either side
Describe the common commercial construction of walls
2 1/2 inches or three and five8s inch metal studs spaced 24 inches on center. In commercial work, the standard partition is only built up to the suspended ceiling.
What are slab to slab partitions used for
Fire rating
How many hours of fire rating does a slab to slab partition with a single layer of five eights inch type X gypsum wallboard receive
One hour
When partitions extend to the structure above and commercial buildings such as slab to slab partitions what is required in order to prevent the wall from being damaged if the structural for above deflects
A slip joint
The process whereby power generating plants remove polluting gases from their stacks to reduce omission of harmful materials into the atmosphere. Using this by product allows the efficient use of reuse material that would otherwise have been discarded
Flue gas desulfurization
What does GRG stand for
Glass reinforced gypsum
A broad Plaza products manufactured from high strength, high density gypsum reinforced with continuous filament glass fibers or chopped glass fibers. These products are also known as fiberglass reinforced gypsum and glass fiber reinforced gypsum
Glass reinforced gypsum
What are the other names for glass reinforced gypsum AKA GRG
Fiberglass reinforced gypsum FRG and glass fiber reinforced gypsum GFRG
What is GRG used for
I Decorative elements just calling covers, arches, coffered ceilings, ornate moldings, light troughs, and trim.
How is GRG made
They are pre-manufactured products made by pouring GRG into molds. After setting, the products are shipped to the job site for installation and final finishing. They can be finished with any type of material that can be put on plaster or gypsum wallboard.
A finished material made from various types of cementing compounds, find aggregate, and water. It is applied over several kinds of base materials in 1 to 3 coats to form a smooth, level surface.
Plaster
When plaster is required to be light weight in fire resistance what compounds make it up
Vermiculite and perlite
What type of plaster has a high resistance to abrasion and water penetration
Keenes cement
What type of plaster must be used as a base coat keenes cement or as a backing for tile walls
Portland cement
Describe the traditional method using metal lath for plaster construction
Metal lath is attached to wood or metal studs and serves as a base for plaster
What are the types of metal laths available
Expanded diamond mesh, paper, back to diamond mesh, flat rib lath, and high rib lath
What is the first coat of plaster called
The scratch coat
In standard plastering, what is the second coat called
The brown coat
What is the purpose of the brown coat in standard plastering
To level the surface
In standard plastering, what is the final coat called
The finish coat
What is the purpose of the finish coat in standard plastering
The finish coat provides final leveling in the desired texture to the surface.
How thick is the scratch coat in standard plastering
1/4 to 1/2 inches thick
How thick is the brown coat in standard plastering
1/4 inches thick
How thick is the finish coat in standard plastering
1/8 inches thick
What type of plastering is used with gypsum wallboard lathe
Veneer plastering
How many coats of veneer plaster are required
One
When is plaster used over gypsum wallboard
When curved shapes are required and where hard, abrasion resistant surface is needed. Plaster must also be the base for ceramic tile in areas subject to continual dampness.
The general term that includes brick, concrete block, glass block, structural clay tile, terra-cotta, and gypsum block. In most cases, this material is part of the architectural design of the building and part of the architects work.
Masonry
What is concrete block made of
Cement, water, and various types of aggregate, including gravel, expanded shale or slate, expand its slag or pumice, or limestone cinders.
What are the sizes of concrete block
It’s size is based on a nominal 4 inch module with actual dimensions being 3/8 inches less than the nominal dimension to allow for mortar joints. One of the most common size is 8” x 8” x 16” unit, which is actually 7 5/8 inches wide and high and 15 5/8 inches long. Common nominal thicknesses are four, six, eight, and 12 inches.
What is manufactured is a hollow unit with a clear, texture, or pattern face. It is a popular choice for interior use when a combination of white transmission, privacy, insecurity is required. It is manufactured in a nominal thickness of 4 inches and feet size of 656, 8 x 8, 12 x 12, and 4 x 8. Eight.
Glass block
How are glass block walls laid
In stack bonds with mortar and horizontal and vertical reinforcement in the joints. Because of the coefficient of expansion of glass in the possibility of deflection of floor structure expansion joints around the perimeter of the glass walls must be provided.
Joints aligned rather than staggered
Stack bond
Can glass block be load bearing
No
What are glass block panel sizes limited to
250 ft.² or 25 feet in any dimension. Each panel must be supported with suitable structure both horizontally and vertically and with expansion joints provided at the structural support points
Consist of a system of individual components that can be quickly assembled, disassembled, and reused with nearly total so legibility. They differ from operable partitions and that they are intended to remain in place as standard partitions, well operable partitions active special doors to open and close a space frequently.
Demountable partition
What are the standard four components to demountable partitions
Floor runners, ceiling runners, stud sections with clips to hold panels, and prefinished gypsum wallboard panels
What are the standard sizes for Demountable partitions
Panels are usually 24 inches or 30 inches wide to work with common building planning models of 4 feet or 5 feet.
The first panel must be placed before the second panel, which must be placed before the third panel, and so on. When the partition is taking down, the reverse order must be followed.
Progressive system
Panels are independent and can be removed and replaced individually.
Non-progressive system
What are the three major components of the door system
The door itself, the frame, and the hardware
What are the common parts of a door opening
The head, jam, door leave, strike side of the door, and sill or threshold
What is the door jamb called that is on the side where the hinge or pivot is installed
Hinge jamb
Where is the door jamb called where the door closes
Strike jamb
What is the most common type of door material in both residential and commercial construction
Wood
What is the only type of door that is acceptable as a required exit door or an egress door
swinging door
Find the top track and can be used to wear space is limited. However, they are awkward to operate and should only be used for traffic is limited. door
Pocket sliding door
Hung from the top track and are generally used for closets only.
Bifold sliding doors
Are also used for closets. Unlike bypass sliding doors, which can only be open half of the doorway, this type of door allows for full access.
Bi folding doors
Often used to divide spaces or close very wide openings
Accordion folding door
Made of thin, flat veneers laminated to various types of pores. They are either hollow core or solid core
Flush wood door
Made of one or three plies of veneer on either side of the cellular interior. The frame is made of a solid wood with larger blocks of solid wood where the latching hardware is located. These types of doors are used where only light use is expected and cost is a consideration. They have no fire resistive capabilities
Hollow core door
Made with a variety of core types depending on the functional requirements of the door. Kors maybe particleboard, stave core, or mineral or for fire rated doors. are used for fire resistive properties, as acoustical barriers, for security, and for their superior durability. These types of doors are available with fire ratings of 20 minutes, 45 minutes, or 90 minutes.
Solid core doors
Constructive solid pieces of wood frame various types of panels. Any number of panels can be constructed, and they can be a traditional raised panel style or simple flat panels.
Panel door
Are the standard width of doors
2’, 2’4”, 2‘6“, 2‘8“, and 3 feet.
What are the standard heights of doors
6‘8“ and 7 foot
How thick are hollow core doors
1 3/8 inches
How thick are solid core doors
1 3/4 inches
What types of materials are used for constructing door frames
Wood, steel, and aluminum
What types of fire ratings are available for wood door frames
20, 30, and 45 minutes
What material is required for a one hour rated door frame
Steel
Type of metal door that has a single smooth surface on both sides
Flush door
Type of metal door the contains one or more glass lights.
Sash door
Type of metal door that has an opening with metal slats to provide ventilation.
Louvered door
What types of metals are used for metal doors
Steel, stainless steel, aluminum, and bronze
What is the most common commercial door finish and type
Steel with a painted finish
What type of steel is most commonly used in steel door construction
16 gauge but 18 gauge can be used for lighter purposes
What is used in steel doors to provide sound deadening qualities
Mineral wool or other materials
What are the most common width for metal doors
2 foot, 2 foot four, 2 foot six, 2 foot eight, 3 feet, 3 foot four, 3 foot six, 3 foot eight, and 4 feet
What are the standard Heights for metal doors
6 foot eight, 7 foot, and 8 foot
What is the standard thickness for a metal door
1 3/4 inches
What is commonly used as stile and rail material for glass doors and has door frame material for both aluminum glass doors and wood doors
Aluminum
Most commonly used in interior construction to frame with doors when a lightweight, easily assembled frame is required
Aluminum door frame
What type of frame is used when a complex frame profile is required
Aluminum
What is the standard configuration of an aluminum door frame
Most are double rabbeted shape with a continuous stop, similar to a steel door frame. One noticeable difference is that aluminum frames have sharp corners, as opposed to the slightly rounded corners of steel frames. This is because aluminum frames are extruded
What is the fire rating of an aluminum door frame
20 minutes
What metals can be in contact with aluminum door frames
Stainless steel and zinc
How are glass doors different from sash doors
sash doors have a frame around all four sides of the glass
What thickness and type of glass is typically used for a glass door
1/2 or 3/4 inch tempered glass
If a glass door requires a lot what is required
The bottom fitting may be continuous across the door to allow for a deadbolt to be installed
Can glass doors be fire rated
No
The most common method of attaching a door to its frame. They consist of two leaves with an odd number of knuckles on one leave and an even number of knuckles on the other. The knuckles are attached with a pin. The knuckles and pin form the barrel which is finished with a tip
Hinges
What are some typical tip designs for the barrel of a door hinge
Flat button, hospital, and oval head
The most common type of tip on the barrel of a door hinge
Flat button
Type of tip on the barrel of a door hinge that is concealed within the knuckle
Flush tip
Type of tip design for the barrel of a door hinge that have a sloped in to make cleaning easy and prevent attachment of ropes or cords
Hospital tips
What is another name for a full mortise door hinge
A butt hinge
What is the most common hinge type
A full mortise
These types of hinges are used when there’s not room for the barrel to extend past the door trim. The barrel is offset to allow one leaves to be modest into the frame.
Raised barrel hinges
Type of hinge that has a special shape that allows the door to swing 90° or 95° so the full opening of the doorway is available. Without this type of hinge, standard butt hinges decrease the opening with by the thickness of the door when it is open to 90°
Swing clear hinge
In what application would you use a standard weight plain bearing hinge
Low frequency doors or residential doors
What types of hinges are most commonly used in commercial applications
Standard weight ball bearing hinges
What types of hinges are required for high frequency applications such as office building entrances
Heavyweight ball bearing hinges
What types of hinges are required for fire rated assemblies and on all doors with closers
Ball bearing hinges
How many hinges are required for a door up to 60 inches high
Two
How many hinges are required for a door between 60 and 90 inches high
Three
How many hinges are required for a door between 90 and 120 inches high
Four
Devices to operate a door, hold it in close position, and lock it.
Latchsets in locksets
Only holds the door in place, with no provision for locking. It has a beveled latch extending from the face of the door edge and automatically engages the strike mounted in the frame when the door is closed.
Latch set
Has a special mechanism that allows the door to be locked with a key or thumb term. Various types of designs of knobs or lever handles are used with these devices to provide the actual gripping surface used to operate door.
Lock set
What are the most common types of locksets
Cylindrical lock, mortise lock, and unit lock
What is another name for cylindrical lock
Bored lock
What is another name for unit lock
 preassembled lock
Alok that is simple to install in holes drilled in the door, and it is relatively inexpensive. It can be purchased in grades of the light duty, standard duty, and heavy duty. It is the most common Loctite for residential construction, but it is also used for commercial projects.
Cylindrical lock
Type of lock that is installed in a rectangular area cut out of the door. It is generally more secure than a cylindrical rock and offers how much wider variety of blocking options.
Mortise lock
With this type of work, the mechanism is in a rectangular box that fits within a notch cut in the edge of the door. Because of this, it is easier to install than a mortise lock.
Preassembled lock
Provide an alternate way to hang doors were the appearance of hindrance is the direction of bowl or wear a frameless door design may make it impossible to use hinges. These are used in pairs, with the bottom mounted in or on the floor of the corresponding unit mounted in the head frame. They may be center hung or offset.
Pivots
What type of pivots are required for tall and heavy doors
Offset put it with one or more intermediate pivot
Pivot that are required to keep tall doors from warping order to provide additional support for heavy doors.
Intermediate pivot
Pivot Is it allowed the door to swing in either direction and I completely concealed
Center hung pivot
This type of pivot allows the door to swing 180°, if required.
Offset pivot
Devices that automatically return a door to its close position after it is opened. They also control the distance the door can be opened in there by protect the door and surrounding construction from damage. They can be surface mounted on either side of the door or in the head frame, or concealed in the frame of the door. They can also be integral with pivots mounted in the floor or ceiling, either center hung or offset they are required for fire rated doors
Closer
Type of operating hardware is used where are required by the building code for safe egress by a large number of people. Push bars extending across the width of the door operate vertical rods that discharge latches at the top and bottom. The vertical rods can be surface mounted or concealed in the door.
Panic hardware
Some method of keeping a door from damaging adjacent construction is required. Closers will do this to some extent, but florist shops or wall bumpers provide more positive protection. These devices are small metal fabrications with rubber bumpers attached. Metal door frames also use silencers, which are small pads of rubber mounted on a doorstop to cushion the door when it is closed.
Doorstops and bumpers
Vertical members used between double doors to seal the opening, act as a doorstop, or provide extra security when the doors are closed. It may be attached to one door leave or maybe separate unit against which both doors close. If the doors required exit doors and this is attached to one of them, they must have a door coordinator. This is a device that coordinates the closing sequence of the two doors so that they close completely, rather than having the leaf with this item attached close first and prevent the other from closing.
Astragal
Used to operate a door that does not require automatic latching. They are commonly used indoors to toilet rooms and commercial kitchens.
Push plates and pull bars
These are devices that are mortised or surface applied to the bottom of the door to provide a sound or light seal. When the doors open, the seal is up as the doors closed, a plunger strikes the jamb and forces the seal down against the floor.
Automatic door bottoms
These are used along the edges of the door to provide a tight see you again smoke, light, and sound. Different types of neoprene, felt, metal, polyurethane, and vinyl are available in mini configurations.
Door seals
Material expands upon exposure to heat in forms of tight, fire resistant see it it’s the passage of smoke, gases, and heat
Intumescent
Used where for materials change at the door line, where a hard surface is required for an automatic door bottom, or where minor changes in floor level occur.
Threshold
Available in a wide variety of finishes, in the choice of finish depends primarily on the desired appearance. The finish is either integral to the base material from which the hardware is made or it is plated finish.
Hardware
What are the five basic base metals from which door hardware is made or is plated
Stainless steel, steel, bronze, brass, and aluminum
What finish hinges to fire rated doors have to have
Steel or stainless steel
The process of installing glass in framing as well as installing the framing itself. There are a number of types of glass that are available for interior use.
 glazing
Standard type of glass used in common windows and other applications were additional strength or other properties are not required. For interior use, it is employed in small openings or wear safety glazing is not required.
Float glass
Produced by subjecting annealed glass to a special heat treatment. This class is about four times stronger than a nail glass of the same thickness. In addition to its extra strength for normal glazing, this type of glass is considered safety glass, so it can be used in hazardous locations. If it breaks, it falls into thousands of very small pieces instead of dangerous shards. This type of glass or interior uses commonly 1/4 inch thick
Tempered glass
What is another name for float glass
Annealed glass
What is a disadvantage to tempered glass
It must be ordered to the exact size requirement for the final installation because once it is tempered it cannot be cut drilled or deeply etched. In addition tempering may produce light distortions in the field of the glass
 pieces of two or more layers of glass bonded together by an inter-layer of polyvinyl butyryl. The glass can be clear or tinted float glass, tempered glass, or heat strengthened glass. When exceptional impact or ballistic resistance is required, heat strengthen the glass can enclose one or more layers of poly carbonate Laminated with inter-layers of polyvinyl butyryl or polyurethane. Polycarbonates are thermal plastic resin’s that are dimensionally stable and have high impact. When this type of glass is broken, the inner layer holds the pieces together even though the glass itself may be severely cracked.
Laminated glass
As a mesh of wire embedded in the middle of the sheet. The surface can either be smooth or a pattern. This type of glass is used primarily for fire rated assemblies if it is not in a hazardous location. This type of glass cannot be tempered and does not qualify as safety grazing for hazardous locations.
Wire glass
The specialty glass is made by passing a sheet of molten glass through rollers on which the desired pattern is pressed, which may be low on one or both sides. Vision through the panel is diffused but not totally obscured the degree of diffusion depends on the type and depth of the pattern.
Patterned glass
What are the five types of fire rated glass
Wire glass
Clear ceramic glass that has higher impact resistant then wire class and low expansion coefficient. It is available with a one hour rating in size is up to 1296 in.² and with three hour rating inside is up to 100 in.². They are eliminated assemblies that are up to two hours in our impact safety rated.
Special, tempered fire protective glass. It is rated at a maximum of 30 minutes because it cannot pass the hose stream test, but it does make the impact standards for both a NSIZ 97.1 and 16 CFR120 one.
This type consists of two or three layers of tempered glass with a clear polymer gel between them. Under normal conditions, this class is transparent, but when subjected to fire, the gel foams interns opaque, this retarding the passage of heat. This product is available with 30 minute, 60 minute, and 90 minute ratings, depending on the technician number of glass panes used.
This type of glazing is glass block. However, not all glass block is rated. The glass block must have been specifically tested for use in fire rated openings and approved by the local authority having jurisdiction
General term for a type of glazing that changes from either a dark tent or milky white OPEC to transparent with the application of an electric current. When the current is turned off the glass either darkens returns white. There are three distinct types of this glazing currently on the market.
Electro chromatic glazing
What are the three types of electro chromatic glazing
Electro chromatic glazing
Suspended particle device SPD
Polymer dispersed liquid crystal film
Uses an inorganic ceramic 10 film coating on glass and can be manufactured to range from transparent to heavily darkened or tinted. However, it is never OK, so it cannot be used for privacy glass. It is intended for control of like, ultraviolet energy, and solar heat gain. The amount of tinting is not just in on or off condition, it can be controlled with a simple rheostat switch
Electro chromatic glazing
Uses a proprietary system in which light absorbing microscopic particles are dispersed within a liquid suspension film which is in Sandwich between two pieces of transparent conductive material. Your parents of the product can range from cleared partially darken to totally OK, so it can be used for privacy as well as for like control an energy conservation. They can also be very very controlled with a rheostat.
SPD glazing
Is fabricated by placing the polymer film between two pieces of glass. The transparency can range from transparent to cloudy white. And its translucent state, it offers total visible visible privacy if it still allows for a significant amount of light to pass through, so it cannot be used for exterior light control. All of the types of electro chromatic glazing are very expensive, but the first two types to offer the potential for significant energy savings in the range of 20 to 30%.
Polymer dispersed liquid crystal film glazing
What type of glass is required for interior fire window assemblies
1/4 inch wire glass installed in steel frames or buy approved fire resistant rated glazing. The maximum glazed area cannot exceed 25% of the length of the common wall with any room. Special fire resistant rating glazing is not subject to this 25% limitation because it is tested as a wall assembly, not as an opening assembly.
What types of glazing are considered safety glazing
Tempered and laminated
Your door assembly that has been tested by an independent laboratory to determine that it is capable of withstanding a measured temperature, without failure, pretty certain length of time. Assembly itself consists of the door itself, the frame, and the hardware are used on the door and frame. The classification is stated in hours
Fire rated door
What type of door is required in a one hour rated exit access Corridor
20 minute
What type of door is required in a one hour occupancy separation
3/4 hour
What type of door is required in a one hour rated exit stair enclosure
One hour
For multi floor projects, what type of door is required to be used in a two hour rate at exit enclosure
One and a half hour
Listed gasketing must be placed on both jambs in the head to prevent the passage of smoke when the door is closed
Tight fitting smoke and draft assembly
What material can be used for fire rated doors
Hollow metal or wood
A permanent identifying Mark, attached the door frame by testing organization, that it indicates the component complies with the standard UL tests for fire doors and with NSPA 80, which governs the installation of fire doors
Label
A product that has been shown to meet applicable standards for use in fire rated assemblies were that has been tested and found suitable for use in a specific
Listed device
How are gypsum wallboard ceilings constructed in residential construction
Buy screwing or nailing the wallboard directly to the ceiling joists. Any wiring or heating ducks or concealer between the joists. If additional space below the Joyce’s required, it is boxed in with wood framing, in the wall board is applied over the framing.
For commercial construction what is the typical construction of a suspended grid ceiling
One and a half inch steel channels are located 4 feet on center and suspended from the structural floor above. Metal furring channels are attached to the main runners either 16 or 24 inches on center, with the wallboard screwed to them. Most commercial construction uses 24 inch spacing with 5/8 inch wall board.
What is the downfall to gypsum wallboard ceilings in commercial construction
They lack easy accessibility of suspended acoustical ceilings.
Pre-fabricated steel units within stores that allow the wallboard to be framed into them
Access panels
Why do we use the access panels in what is their purpose
Access panels are used when gypsum wallboard ceiling is being used in a commercial setting where access to junction boxes, fire dampers, or other equipment is required
What is the most common type of acoustical ceiling grid
Lay in system in which panels are simply laid on top of the exposed T grid
What type of ceiling grid allows for a recessed grid look
Lay in tegular
What size tiles are typically used in a concealed system
1‘ x 1‘
If the space above the suspended ceiling is used as a return air Plenum what must be considered for the materials
In this case building code requires that no combustible material will be placed above the ceiling and it all plastic wiring be run in metal conduit.
What are the six seismic categories
A through F. A being the Least restrictive and F being the most restrictive. categories ANB do not require any special design details. Categories D, E, and F are subject to the most stringent requirements for earthquake design, including ceiling details. Category C has many of the same requirements as D, E, and F they are just less stringent
There are four risk categories given in the IBC, based on how essential the site is and how important it is to post earthquake recovery. What are the categories
One through four. The risk categories for various types of buildings and structures are given in the IBC one being minor and for being the highest risk category
What are the areas with the greatest seismic risk
California, parts of Utah, Idaho, Montana, the area around the junction of Arkansas, Tennessee, Missouri, and Kentucky, and a small area near the border between north and South Carolina. Parts of Alaska and Hawaii are also at a high risk.
What are the conditions that do not require special seismic design detailing
Buildings in seismic design category a or B
Ceilings with areas less than 144 ft.²
Gypsum wallboard suspension systems
Plaster and lath ceilings
Suspended ceiling system specifically designed to accommodate acoustic ceiling tile, light fixtures, supply and return air grills, fire sprinklers, and partition attachment in a consistent, unified way.
Integrated ceilings
What are the most commonly used ornamental metals
Stainless steel, copper alloys of bronze and brass, and aluminum. Carbon steel, copper, iron, zinc, and porcelain enamel are used less frequently.
And our way of steel containing 12% of chromium or More
Stainless steel
What is stainless steel used for
Corrosion resistance, strength, and appearance. For interior construction, common uses include wall and door coverings, railings, elevator finishes, laboratory and kitchen equipment, furniture, hardware and concealed anchors and fasteners.
What are some of the most common stainless steel alloys used for design purposes
304 and 430. The 300 series is chromium nickel and the 400 series is straight chromium
What type of stainless steel should be specified for more ornamental interior applications
Ornamental tubing
Stainless steel finish that is produced on a sheet material bypassing the steel between rollers under pressure at the mill. The finish of the steel depends on the finish of the roller and can range from a bright, reflective surface to a deeply embossed pattern. Each manufacturer produces its own set of proprietary Rolled finishes and should be consulted concerning availability. These are the least expensive finishes
Rolled finishes
The most common finish for stainless steel an architectural applications. These are produced by grinding, polishing, and sometimes buffing the metal until the desired services obtained. There are five industry standard polish finishes for sheet and strip stock, ranging from a number seven finish which is most mirror like to a number three finished which has a dog finish. Generally the more polished finish the higher the cost will be.
Polished finish
The finish of stainless steel that is produced by dry or wet methods. Dry method blast the material with abrasive grits or glass bead to wear away the defined area. Stencils, metal templates, or abrasive materials are used to mask off portions of the metal. Wet uses acid to wear off some of the finish. Special masking must be used to maintain shortly to find areas and prevent the acid from undercutting the protected area.
Etched finishes
A term commonly used to describe a range of copper alloys.
Bronze and brass
What are the three primary groups of copper alloys
Those that are almost pure copper, those that are called architectural bronze or common brasses, and the nickel – silver and silicone bronze alloys.
What finishes is brass available in
Mechanical, chemical, and coated 
This brass finish alters the surface of the Meadow by rolling or some other mechanical means
Mechanical finish
Does brass finish alters the surface with chemical processes
Chemical finish
This brass finish has some thing that is applied finish is formed from metal itself through chemical or electrochemical conversion we’re about adding some other material. Combinations of these three basic finishing methods may be used
Coating finish
The joining of two metals at an intermediate temperature above 800°F using a non-ferrous filler material.
Brazing
The joining of two metals using lead based or 10 based alloy solder that melts below 500°F to heat them about their melting points, either with or without a filler material.
Soldering
Joins two metals by using high temperatures to heat them above their melting points, either with or without a filler metal
Welding
The electro chemical process that occurs when dissimilar metals are in contact in the presence of an electrolyte such as water. The result is the corrosion of one of the metals.
Galvanic action
List the most common metals used in interiors from least likely to corrode to most likely to corrode
Zink, aluminum, steel or iron, 304 stainless steel active, copper, bronze, brass, 10, lead, 316 stainless steel active, titanium, 304 stainless steel passes, gold
Went to more metals must be combined, they should be separated with isolators. What are these isolators to be made of
Teflon, neoprene, or other suitable material.
Expose Wood construction assembled at the job site by finish carpenters.
Finish carpentry
What is included in finish carpentry
Installation of doors and windows, door and window trim, standard wood base and other molding, site built stairways, and handrails.
What are some of the most common lumber used for finish carpentry
Finish carpentry lumber depends on the regional material and the availability but common species include Douglas Berger, Ponderosa pine, Sugar Pine, Idaho white fine, Southern Pine, Resterin red cedar, Poplar,  Oak, and redwood
What determines the type and number of a loud defects in finish carpentry
Grade
The cut of wood in which the annual growth ring is perpendicular
Vertical grain
What are the benefits of vertical grain board
Vertical green boards tend to warp less, or more abrasion resistant, and stain more uniformly than flat grain boards
What are panel products for interior construction
Panel products include plywood, particleboard, medium density fiberboard, and medium density overlay
A panel product made from old number of layers of thin veneer glued together under heat and pressure. Each plies laid in a direction perpendicular to the a date adjacent cry. It is suitable for natural, staying, and painted finishes and is often used in finish carpentry construction.
Plywood
What are the available Thicknesses of plywood
1/4 inch, 3/8 inch, 1/2 inch, five eights inch, and 3/4 inch
How is plywood graded
By the quality of the face veneer
What are the finish grades of veneer plywood
Veneer grades are classified as N, A, B, C, and D. In grade is intended for natural finish and is made from all hardwood or all sapwood. A grade is smooth and paintable with you not or other defects and has the best grade commonly available. D is the lowest grade and allows for large, unfilled knots.
This is composed of Smallwood particles, fibers, or chips a very says he’s mixed together in a binder informed under pressure into a panel. It comes in several thicknesses as 4’ x 8’ sheets and is available in low, medium, and high density forms. It is commonly used as a substrate for natural and laminate veneers in architectural wood work construction.
Particleboard
This is a panel product made from wood particles reduced to fibers in a moderate pressure steam vessel and then combined with a resin and bonded together under heat and pressure. It is the most dimensionally stable of the mat formed panel products. It has a smooth, uniform, and dents service that it makes it useful for painting, thin overlay material, veneers, and high-pressure decorative laminate.
Medium density fiberboard MDF
Why would with a thin, smooth veneer, suitable for painting. It has been largely supplemented by MDF.
Medium density overlay
Trim used for decorative or functional purposes. For finish carpentry construction, standard profiles of this are available and software in a few species of hardwood. A few representative profiles are shown.
Molding
What are the alternatives to solid wood molding
MDF or molded high density polyurethane foam
The portion of egress achieving a change in elevation by means of a single riser.
step
One or more flights of stairs.
Stairway
A series of two or more risers between one and four or landing in the next.
A flight
The flat portion immediately adjacent to either the bottom of the stair or the top. It must be as wide as the stairway serves
Landing
What are the most common configurations of stairs
Single line straight, L shaped, U shaped
What are the three special types of stairways
Winding stairways, curved, and spiral
These types of stairways have tapered treads that are wider at one end than the other.
Winding stairways
These types of stairways have side to shape is a curve, most commonly a circular arc. The inside, or smaller arc, can be less than twice the required width of the stair. If it is, it is considered a winding stair way
Curved stairway
Please have the series he’s weird shapes treads that radiate for my centers support support
 spiral staircase
What is the most common formula for determining stair riser and tread dimensions
2R + T = 25 inches
What is the most common riser height for stairs
7 inches
What is the most common Tread width for stairs
11 inches
What is the minimum tread width by code
11 inches in commercial and 10 inches in residential
What is the most common material used for stair construction in residential design
Wood
Describe the construction of wood carriages in stairs
What characters are cut out of 2 x 12” members to form the supports for the treads and risers. If carpeting and is used, the treads and risers are finished with plywood or particleboard. Expose hardware is used, either trades can be finished with prebuilt treads with rounded nosings or strip Warren can be applied over an underlayment of particleboard.
A term that describes how methods used to move people and materials vertically. This includes passenger in freight elevators, escalators, dumbwaiters, vertical conveyors, moving ramps, wheelchair lifts, and platform lift, as well as stairs and ramps.
Vertical transport
Includes moving walks. In most cases, elevators, escalators, or other mechanical transport methods are designed by the architect.
Horizontal transport
What are the two types of elevators
Hydraulic and electric
Type of elevator lift it by plunger, or ram, sit in the ground directly under the car and operated with oil is the pressure food. As a consequence, the cylinder for the ram must be extended into the ground to a debt the same as the elevators for height. Because of this, this elevator only use your passenger and freight loads in a building from 2 to 6 stories high, or about 50 feet. They operate at slow speed stand other elevators and are therefore not appropriate for moving large numbers of people quickly
Hydraulic elevator
This type of hydraulic elevator uses a telescoping plunger said in the shaft needs to the cabin. Lifted provided by applying for us to the upper members of the car frame. 
The holeless hydraulic design
This type of hydraulic elevator uses a roller chain mounted over a wheel mounted on top of a hydraulic plunger. With this type, the plunger is mounted above the ground in the side of the shaft. This might be considered for installation in a retrofit or remodeling project.
The second type of hydraulic elevator
The most common elevator type of passenger service. They are capable of lifting higher and a greater speed then the hydraulic types and can be precisely control for accelerating into accelerating. They are selected by the architect on a building his first constructed and can be used in a retrofit project at the structure is capable of supporting one.
 Electric elevator
Efficient devices for transporting large number of people from one level to another. They are also use for for directing the flow pedestrian movement in providing users with specific do you spell messages in the merchandise in a retail setting. Again these types of devices are typically design by the architect my building his first instructed. However in a major remodeling, the interior design they have been put on the location and finishes of this device
Escalator
What are the two basic sizes of escalators
32 and 48 inches
What is the actual tread width of an escalator that is 32 inches
24 inches
What is the actual tread width of a 48 inch escalator
40 inches
What is a third but not popular size of escalators
48 inch with 32 inch treads. These are not used because 32 inch treads did not add to capacity
How many adults can stay in on one step of a 32 inch escalator
 One
How many adults can stand on the width of a 48 inch escalator tread
2
What is the max capacity of a 32 inch escalator per hour
5200 in code, but in reality the normal capacity is closer to 4000 people per hour or less
How many people can a 48 inch escalator accommodate per hour
6700 or fewer.
The arrangement of escalators in which the up-and-down escalators between each pair for his forms and eggs from viewed in elevation. The separates the entrances to the up and down escalator from the floor, which sometimes leads to confusion for riders.
Crisscross arrangement
The arrangement of escalators in which the up-and-down escalators between each pair of fours are parallel to each other, and the entrances to the up-and-down escalators from the floor or side by side.
Parallel arrangement
The arrangement of an escalator in which after accident one floor, the writer makes a simple U-turn to be in transit the escalator that continues to the next floor. This reduces travel time for trips of two or more floors.
Crisscross spiral arrangement
Hoisting and lowering devices, very much like small elevators, used to vertically support materials and supplies, but never people. They are distinguished from freight elevators by limitation‘s found in the elevator safety, namely, car platforms may not exceed 9 ft.² in size and work in a car how to see for feet. But these are quite small and their capacity never exceeds 500 pounds. They may be automatically powered, or they may be manually operated by polling ropes. In either case, they have very few safety features, as they are principal purpose is material handling
Dumbwaiter
What is the max capacity of a dumbwaiter in pounds
500 pounds
What are some instances in which a dumbwaiter might be used
The letters are used for a variety of service related functions, such as distributing mail in office buildings, delivering books in libraries, and transporting food and supplies and restaurants in hospitals.
What is the fire requirement for shaft enclosures
Shaft enclosures be constructed is fire barriers for the fire resistant rating of not less than two hours reconnecting for stories or more, or not less than one hour we’re connecting. And for stories. Doors must be one and a half hour rated for two hours shafts in one hour rated for one hour shafts.
Used to distribute I continue off of material and never people throughout multi story buildings. In several ways, they bear resemblance to other forms of vertical transportation. For example, there are mechanically similar to escalators and that they operate with a continuous change driven by in Electric motor. they are similar to dumb waiters and that they are small, Carrie relatively low clouds, and operate it slow speeds. They are like elevators are enclosed in fire resistant shafts.
Vertical conveyors
He’s carry Trésor shelf space at regular intervals along the conveyor, with uploads on one side and empty trailer shelves coming down the other side. In most cases they are used to distribute paperwork, light supplies, or manufactured items
Vertical conveyors
Forms of conveying systems closely related to escalators, the principal the difference is it moving walks or ramps have a continuous trade, rather than individual steps. They may be level or incline up to about 15°.
Moving walks and moving ramps
How wide are moving ramps and how fast do they move
40 inches wide and have speeds that vary between 140 and 180 FPM.
The process of locating, following, and identifying the route through which a building or space to a specific desired place. This can use many types of information, including clearly defined pathways, landmarks in the environment, and clearly identified nodes are intersection points. Wow these non-verbal and non-graphic techniques can be used inside a building, more often than not, this is us for basic signage techniques
Wayfinding
What are the four basic signage types used for wayfinding
Informational, identification, directional, and regulatory that can be both verbal and graphic devices
This type of signage provides information about an overall facility or environment. It should be placed where people are most likely to be exposed to it.
Informational signage
This type of signage tells people where they are. It can be as simple as a room number plat by door or the name of a location like registration information.
Identification signage
This type of sign is Chaz people how to get where they want to go. It is typically used at junctions in paths or quarters. And buildings, it is most often a combination of words and arrow graphics, such as admissions with a left or right or forward facing arrow
Directional signage
This type of signage tells people what is and what is not allowed or provide safety information, such as employees only danger high voltage or keep door closed.
Regulatory signage
